Faillites et banqueroutes de la Renaissance à la fin de l'Ancien régime
Institution:
Paris 2Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
The law of bankruptcy as defined in nowadays law are relatively recent juridical concepts that have maturated from the renaissance to the ancien regime's end : during centuries, the law of bankruptcy was indistinguishable from the contractual non-performance law. In france, the melting of the roman, the common, the market and the italian statutory law in the xvith c. , pricipaly realized by lyon's conservation court, allowed to figure out a basis for a reglementation of bankruptcy. With the xviith c. Came bankruptcy's own procedures, created by the merchants and by the first french commercial legislation binding all the relevent rules to be used with bankruptcy the non-or fraudulent ones. Due to the economical reprise that created a crisis gear-ratio in the xviiith c. This cognizance was given to the consular juridictions that permitted a real development - although for a limited period of time - but couldn't achieve neither at its global decriminalization or its full elaboration. Showing the creation and evolution of the llaw of bankruptcy and the decisive role played by economics during three centuries in each step of this juridical elaboration was the goal of our work.
Abstract FR:
Pendant des siecles, le droit des faillites et banqueroutes se confond avec le droit de l'inexicution contractuelle et, pour que l'insolvabilite commerciale, innocente ou coupable, connaisse un traite ment juridique et judiciaire differencie, il faudra attendre en france qu'une lente evolution se fasse de la renaissance a la fin de l'ancien regime. Le xviele s. Vit se realiser la rencontre du droit romain, du droit coutumier, du droit des foires et du droit statutaire italien, qui permit grace a la conservation de lyon, de jeter les bases d'une reglementation. Le xvii eme s. Connut le developpement de procedures propres a la faillite, principalement elaborees par les praticiens, et la premiere legislation consacree au dropit commercial, regroupant les regles applicables aux faillites et banqueroutes. Le xviiieme s. , temoin d'un essor economique sans precedent qui multiplia crises, faillites et banqueroutes, fit l'experience de l'attribition de cette competence aux juridictions consulaires qui, meme pour des periodes limitees, determina une avancee decisive de ce droit, mais ne put aboutir, ni a sa totale decriminalisation, ni a sa complete elaboration. Montrer comment naquit et se developpa le droit des faillites et banqueroutes et l'importance de l'economie a chaque etape de cette construction, fut le but de notre travail.