Les manifestations extérieures du culte catholique dans le diocèse de Bordeaux : 1789-1905
Institution:
Bordeaux 4Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
A believer deeply needs to show his faith. So, public worship is religiously essential, especially for catholicism. Consequently, it sets the problem of the external manifestations of this worship. Which place in history can they have, and have they? This is the subject of this work, focused on the diocese of bordeaux, studied between 1789 and 1905. Three periods are able to be splitted up. The first one covers the revolutionnary, crisis. It was developped in two steps, in which a stage of special links between the authorities and clerical powers -links of mutual support, then link managed in a coerciver way by temporal powers- gave place to a time of persecutions. The logic of the revolution implied to ban every external signs of religious belonging. Nevertheless, this struggle was never completely successful. During the "concordat", the reinstatement of the cults was kept under control. The good will proved by both sides permitted to get a balance in their relationships. Then, catholics increased their demonstrations, and some religious duties became civil obligations again. This lead to a poles apart reaction. So, between 1800 and 1867, the initial balance was more and more questionned. Between 1868 and 1905, the compromise vanished under the attacks of laicization. Indeed, a first trend searching to give back its freedom to everyone faded in front of an increased hostility to external proofs of catholicism. The 1905 act, still enforced, renewed a question which has always been with us.
Abstract FR:
L'homme croyant a besoin de manifester sa foi ; en consequence, le culte devient une necessite religieuse et tout particulierement catholique. Des lors, se pose le probleme des manifestations exte- rieures de ce culte. Quelle peut-etre et quelle est leur place dans l'histoire? C'est ce que nous avons etudie pour le diocese de bor- deaux de 1789 a 1905. Trois periodes ont pu etre mises en evidence. Une premiere periode (1789-1799), couvre la crise revolutionnaire; elle se deroule en deux etapes. Un temps de liens entre les pouvoirs publics et les pouvoirs ecclesiastiques, liens de soutien recipro- que puis liens plus coercitifs de la part des autorites temporelles, laisse place au temps de la persecution. La logique revolutionnaire implique l'interdiction de toutes manifestations exterieures reli- gieuses. Cependant, cette lutte ne connait jamais un total succes. Sous le concordat, le retablissement des cultes reste controle. Grace aux bonnes volontes reciproques un equilibre est obtenu. Les catholiques multiplient alors leurs manifestations et des obliga- tions religieuses redeviennent obligations civiles. L'opposition se developpe en reaction. Ainsi entre 1800 et 1867, on assiste a une remise en cause de plus en plus forte de l'equilibre initial. Entre 1868 et 1905, ce compromis disparait sous le coup de la laicisation. En effet, une premiere tendance destinee a rendre a chacun sa liber- te, laisse place a une hostilite croissante aux manifestations exte- rieures du culte catholique. La loi de 1905 toujours en vigueur re- nouvele la question qui reste encore d'actualite.