Le contrôle des clauses abusives dans les relations contractuelles
Institution:
ToulonDisciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
Due to all requirements resulting from a world-wide and still more competing economy. Contracts sacrifice negotiation which is reluctant to adapt to requirements such as rapidity, simplicity and cost reduction. Making a contract becomes a difficult operation as well as understanding a contract requires a know-how. Contracts become enigmatic and seriously unbalanced. Mysteries and lack of balance result from product and/or service high sophistication and engineering conveyed by contracts, they also result from abusive clause specifications and it is via such specifications that professional contract writers are entering a serious lack of balance. In other words, contracts become strongest parties'slaw while is rejected. In order to protect the latter by restoring balance in contracts, the legislator implemented a control system since 1978 which is supposed to neutralize the clauses that the common law rules could not eradicate. These legal provisions have been considered as a derogation from the "common law" principles. The control system working gear and results are covered by the reviewing study in order to estimate whether there is opposition to common law or, on the contrary, completion and reinforcement of the law.
Abstract FR:
Face aux contraintes d'une economie mondialisee et de plus en plus concurrentielle, le contrat sacrifie la negociation qui s'adapte mal aux exigences de rapidite, de simplicite et de reduction des couts. Son montage devient une operation delicate et sa comprehension necessite un savoir-faire specifique. Il devient enigmatique et fortement desequilibre. Ses mysteres et son desequilibre puisent leur source dans la complexite et la technicite des produits et des services qu'il vehicule et dans la pratique des clauses abusives, stipulations par lesquelles les professionnels seuls redacteurs des contrats les desequilibrent, a outrance, au detriment de leurs cocontractants. A vrai dire, le contrat devient la loi du plus fort et la volonte contractuelle des plus faibles s'en sort bafouee. Afin de la proteger par le reequilibrage du contrat, le legislateur a mis en place un systeme de controle qui remonte a 1978 cense neutraliser les dites clauses que les regles de droit commun n'ont pas permis, selon les consumeristes, l'eradication. Cette legislation a ete ressentie comme une atteinte aux principes eriges par le code civil. Ses mecanismes de controle et son bilan font l'objet de cette etude comparative afin de savoir si elle contredit le droit commun ou si, au contraire, elle le complete et le renforce.