Le trust patrimonial angloaméricain en droit privé français
Institution:
Paris 2Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
An anglo-american private trust is an intentionnally created relationship with regard to any form of property in which the legal tries is in a person, the "trustee", who may exercise all the power with respect to the property, without having the benefits of ownership+ the beneficial ownership or equitable title is in the "beneficiary". Another way of looking at it is to focus at the division of the property between the "trustee" and the "beneficiary", the settlor giving up his equitable and legal interests in it. This fragmentation of ownership, unknown under french law, may rise choice-of-law difficulties. In going beyond the solution of assimilation of the anglo-american trust into domestic analogous institutions, french judges open the way to recognise the trust as such as a matter of private international law. According to the hague convention of i july 1985 on the law applicable to trust and their recognition, which also adopts this solution, the "settlor" is free to choose the applicable law, provided that he does not use the anglo-american device to subvert important policies of the forum, which might be french law.
Abstract FR:
Le trust patrimonial anglo-americain designe l'institution par laquelle une personne, le "settlor" ou constituant, transfere tout ou partie de ses biens et droits a une autre, le "trustee", a charge pour celle-ci d'en faire beneficier une tierce personne, le "cestui que trust" ou beneficiaire. Reversible, le droit reel du "trustee" laisse au beneficiaire l'expectative de recouvrer le patrimoine place sous le controle du "proprietaire legal", au terme de l'operation trustale. Ce demembrement du droit de propriete en deux droits reels, la "propriete legale" et la "propriete equitable", inconnu en droit interne, a conduit recemment les juges francais a ne plus assimiler le trust a des categories eprouvees, mais a la respecter dans son integralite. Solution egalement adoptee par la convention de la haye du 1er juillet 1985, qui enrichit le droit international prive francais d'un nouvel indice de rattachement, le trust, et accorde a la loi d'autonomie, une competence de principe. La confrontation entre la loi d'autonomie et le droit francais des biens et des liberalites n'apparait pas engendrer une situation intolerable.