L'harmonisation en droit social communautaire : les enseignements de l'intégration en France et au Royaume-Uni des directives 75/129 et 77/187
Institution:
Paris 10Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
The aim of the thesis is to analyze the notion of "harmonization" in european social law through the comparative analysis of the implementation of two directives (the transfers of undertakings directive and the collective dismissals directive) in france and the united kingdom. The comparative analysis shows that the provisions concerning the worker's collective rights (information and consultation of workers representatives) have had a much lower impact than the provisions concerning the individual rights (retention of rights in the event of transfers of undertakings). The main reason can be found in the division of competencies, made by the directives, between european level and national levels. This division is different from the one usually used (division between methods and results). It is based between notions which are defined at the european level and notions which are still defined at national levels. Concerning directives which just partially affect the national systems, this division can not be avoid. But it challenges the ability of the directives to harmonize national systems. Thus, the obligation of information and consultation has been neutralized by the absence of a european definition of the notion of "workers representatives". But the comparative analysis also reveals that this division of competencies is a dynamic one, because it also depends on interactions between european level and national levels through the dialogue created by the article 177 of the treaty. Through this dialogue between jurisdictions, some notions will integrate the european sphere, and the directives could achieve their function of harmonization.
Abstract FR:
La these se propose d'analyser la notion d'harmonisation en droit social communautaire a travers l'analyse comparee de la reception de deux directives (sur les licenciements collectifs et les transferts d'entreprises), en france et au royaume-uni. L'analyse comparee montre que les dispositions relatives aux droits collectifs des salaries (information et consultation des representants des travailleurs) se sont plus difficilement integrees que les dispositions relatives aux droits individuels (maintien des droits des salaries lors de transferts d'entreprises). La raison principale tient a la repartition de competences, entre niveau communautaire et niveau national, que les directives operent. Cette repartition n'est pas batie sur la distinction traditionnelle entre moyen et resultat, mais elle depend dans chaque directive d'une distinction entre des notions communautaires et des notions dont la definition continue a relever des droits nationaux. Les directives ne touchant que des aspects partiels des systemes nationaux, cette repartition est inevitable, mais elle remet en cause la capacite des directives a harmoniser les systemes nationaux. Ainsi, les obligations d'information et de consultation ont ete neutralisees par le renvoi qu'operent les directives de la definition de "representants des travailleurs" aux droits nationaux, alors que l'objectif plus limite de la directive sur les transferts d'entreprises lui a permis d'accomplir sa fonction harmonisatrice. Mais l'analyse comparee revele egalement que cette repartition de competences est dynamique car elle depend d'interactions entre le niveau communautaire et les niveaux nationaux, interactions qui se manifestent notamment a travers le dialogue entre les juridictions cree par l'article 177 du traite de rome.