Témoignage et renseignements en matière pénale
Institution:
Bordeaux 1Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
Evidences as far as judicial matters are concerned, and particularly in penal matters, may have effectiness, security and legitimacy only through the laws which set up their cololection and handling. Intended to convince the judge, these evidence must obey some rules the flexibility and consistency of which must not be contradictory. But a witeness evidence is a long way from meeting all these requirements. In addition to natural lapses related to the evidence ( the frailty of an evidence reported by someone ) there are contradictions generated by the complexity and subtility of laws ( such as the distinction between testimony and judicial inquiry for instance ). Although these laws are initially set up to make the distinction explicit, their immediat result seem to be the worsening of the defiencies which charaterize an evidence. It is then necessary, with regard to the very use that an evidence represents for penal justice (since an evidence is pratically unavoidable) that some improvements be carried ontagainst its areas of deficiency in order to adapt it to the needs of criminal courts. These improvements can be made not only suppressing contradictions and inconsistences of laws on the subject, but also by improving the credibility of the witness thanks to the introduction
Abstract FR:
Les preuves en matiere judiciaire et plus particulierement en matiere penale n'ont d'efficacite, de securite et de legitimite que par les textes qui organisent leur collecte et leur administration. Destinees a asseoir la conviction du juge, ces preuves doivent obeir a des regles dont la souplesse ou la coherence ne doivent souffrir de contradictions. Or la preuve par temoins est loin de satisfaire ces exigences. Aux defaillances naturelles de cette preuve ( preuve humaine et par consequent fragile) s'ajoutent les contradictions generees par la complexite ou subtilites des textes ( dont la distinction entre temoignage et renseignements en est un exemple), des textes qui l'organisent et dont l'effet immediat est l'aggravation des lacunes qui caracterisent cette preuve. Il est donc necessaire, eu egard a la grande utilite que represente cette preuve pouyr la justice penale ( preuve pratiquement incontournable ) que des ameliorations soient apportees afin de l'adapter aux besoins qu'en eprouve la justice criminelle. Ces ameliorations passent par la suppression des contradictions et incoherences des textes en la matiere mais aussi par l'amelioration de la credibilite du temoin par l'introduction de nouveaux procedes de controle de la veracite de ses declarations, point essentiel de toute assertion humaine.