Les mesures judiciaires de placement de l'enfant mineur
Institution:
Lille 2Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
Multiplication of failures at exercising the parental fonctions involves correlatively a large augmentation of measures of placement of minor children. Whenever those measures are widely critized an examination of this system is becoming necessury. Trying to conciliate apparesitly antagonist rights of children and parents, the legislator submets their admittance to strict conditions ( part i). If prelaminary conditions to implamentation of judicial protection are strict (low fulness, failure in the exercise of familial protection) are improving the protection of the child, only specific conditions are restricting their pronouncement in order to preserve the rights of the parents. Reserved to the sols coses of impossibility of exercising parental authority judiciary measures of placement have a double purpose : to protect the endangered child but also to resolve the familial problems. His curative aspect is too widely forgothen. The analysis of the effects of these measures (part ii) reveals that the sharing of parental authority and the laying-out the effects of kinship (right of visit, duty of maintenance improves the palliative treatment of the dangerous situation of the minor child, leaving a minor situaiton tot he curative treatment. In the same ways the rules administrating opposability of these measures to third parties are following the same goals, these are not anghow improving the responsability of the parents although necessary in a view of a return of the child back to his family. If some modifications of tax law, labour law civil liability of the parents, maintenance duty would help to work in this way the curative aspect of the placement measures may neverthel
Abstract FR:
La multiplication des defaillances de la fonction parentale entraine correlativement le prononce de mesures judiciaires de placement de l'enfant mineur. Objets de multiples critiques, ces mesures meritent un nouvel examen. Pour concilier les droits apparemment antagonistes des parents et de l'enfant, le legislateur subordonne leur prononce a des conditions strictes (1^ partie). Si les conditions prealables de mise en ~uvre de la protection judiciaire de l'enfant (legalite et defaillance de la protection familiale), favorisent la protection de l'enfant, seules les conditions specifiques limitent leur prononce preservant ainsi les droits des parents. Reservees aux seuls cas d'impossibilite d'exercer l'autorite parentale, les mesures judiciaires de placement ont un double objet : assurer la protection de l'enfant en danger mais aussi remedier aux difficultes familiales. Pourtant cette fonction curative des mesures de placement est trop souvent occultee. L'analyse des effets de ces mesures (20"^ partie) revele que la repartition des prerogatives d'autorite parentale et l'amenagement des effets de la parente (droit de visite, obligation alimentaire) favorise le traitement palliatif de la situation de danger du mineur, en ne laissant qu'une place minime au traitement curatif de meme, les regles regissant l'opposabilite de ces mesures aux tiers poursuivent les memes objectifs ; elles ne favorisent nullement la responsabilisation des parents, pourtant necessaire dans la perspective d'un retour de l'enfant dans sa cellule familiale. Si certaines modifications ponctuelles des regles fiscales, sociales, ou relatives a la responsabilite civile des pere et mere, ou encore a l'obligation alimentaire contribueraient a travailler en ce sens, la fonction curative des mesures de placement peut neanmoins etre mise