Contribution à l'étude de la révision judiciaire des contrats en droit privé
Institution:
Rennes 1Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
Although revision is more and more used in law of contracts, the notion of "judicial revision" hasn't been subject of many theorical researches. However, it is a usefull tool for judges, and its specificity appears clearely by comparing it with more classical types of intervention used by judges faced with voidable or part performed contracts. The judicial revision is the process by which judges change one or several contract's items by making up the will of the contracting parties for his own, it ensures the maintain of the contract by clearing it of its endues stipulations or the difficulties that contracting parties can meet in its performance. The study of the main applications of the judicial revision will be the opportunity to check the originality of this technique and to find out the wide range of its forms and what can found them. Considering its utility, one can logically ask himself how to consecrate it by a general rule. Such a rule has already been considered by the "doctrine of frustration" supporters. However, it has a limitated scope of application. That's why it is more usefull to find out the main features of revision before thinking about the way to consecrate it by a general rule. Then it appears that legislator could usefully give judges, under several conditions, the power to revise those of the contracts which are particularly difficult to enforce for the claimant due to a changement of circumstances.
Abstract FR:
Bien que la revision constitue un mode d'intervention de plus en plus frequent des juges dans la sphere contractuelle, la notion de "revision judiciaire" n'a guere fait l'objet d'etudes theoriques. Il s'agit pourtant d'un outil particulierement utile pour les juges et sa specificite emerge nettement quand on la compare a d'autres modes plus classiques d'intervention telles que la nullite ou la resolution partielles. La revision judiciaire est l'operation par laquelle le juge modifie un ou plusieurs elements du contrat en substituant sa propre volonte a celle des parties. Elle assure le maintien du contrat tout en le purgeant de ses stipulations excessives ou en remediant aux difficultes que rencontrent les contractants dans son execution. L'etude des principales applications de la revision judiciaire sera l'occasion de verifier l'originalite de cette technique tout en constatant la variete de ses formes et de ses fondements. Compte tenu de son utilite, il est naturel de s'interroger sur son eventuelle consecration par un texte de portee generale. Une telle mesure a deja ete envisagee par les partisans de la theorie de l'imprevision. Cependant cette derniere a un domaine d'application beaucoup plus limite que la revision. C'est pourquoi, dans la perspective de l'octroi aux juges d'un tel pouvoir, il est preferable de rechercher les grands traits communs aux differentes applications de la revision avant de voir de quelle maniere celle ci pourrait etre consacree par un texte de portee generale. Il apparait alors que le legislateur pourrait utilement accorder aux juges le pouvoir general de reviser, sous certaines conditions, les contrats, quand par suite d'un changement de circonstances, leur execution devient extremement difficile pour le demandeur.