Le contrôle politique du parlement européen sur les exécutifs communautaires
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Abstract EN:
The european parliament, in a few years, has been able to approach the three powers usually acknowledged to a parliament in western democracies: -to vote the law -to allow taxes -to supervize the policy of the executive the european treaties draw their inspiration from parliamentary logic; the parliament discusses, in public session, the general report which is proposed by the commission and the treaties foresee the possible sanction: the motion of censure of the integrated executive, which involves it's collective resignation. If the parliamentary logic exists, it still remains uncompleted on the european scale and lies in the only control of the commission, neglecting the real deciding institution, that is the council. So, the political control power does'nt correspond with the reality of the institutions. The whole procedure of the parliament, from a democratic point of view, consists on the "reconstruction" of it's ability. If it has been able to give itself the largest means for questionning the two executives, the sanction, limited to the only commission, still shows a democratical deficiency.
Abstract FR:
L'assemblee europeenne a su, en peu d'annees, approcher des trois pouvoirs habituellement reconnus a un parlement dans une democratie occidentale: -celui de voter la loi -celui de consentir l'impot -celui de contrôler la politique de l'organe executif les traites europeens s'inspirent d'une logique parlementaire; l'assemblee procede, en seance publique, a la discussion du rapport general qui lui est soumis par la commission et les traites prevoient la sanction possible: le vote d'une motion de censure qui entraine la demission collective de l'executif integre. Si la logique parlementaire est perceptible, elle reste encore imparfaite a l'echelle europeenne et repose essentiellement sur le seul controle de la commission, negligeant l'organe reel de decision, le conseil. Le pouvoir de controle politique porte ainsi a faux sur les institutions. Toute la demarche de l'assemblee consiste dans une optique democratique a "reconstruire" sa competence de controle. Si elle a su se doter des moyens les plus larges du controleinformation et l'elargir aux deux branches de l'executif communautaire, le controle-sanction, trop etroitement limite a la seule commission accuse encore un deficit democratique.