La societe anonyme europeenne : utilite d'un projet ancien pour le marche interieur de demain
Institution:
Paris 11Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
The societas europeae (+ se ;) is a legal instrument whose adoption will permit companies established in more than one member state to create a new type of company regulated by a single directly applicable law. Many of the original obstacles to the adoption of the se have been overcome. Four methods for creating an se have been envisaged: trough the merger of two or more companies from at lest two different member states; trough the creation of a holding company by companies from at least two different member states; trough the creation of a joint venture in the form of an se between companies based in different member states; and, trough the transformation into an se of a company based in a member state for at least two years. The main advantages to adopting the se includes the followings: first, the se is essential for the realisation of the interior european market. While at present companies wishing to set up business in another member state have to undergo costly and complex processes in order to comply with the laws of that state, this could no longer be the case if a single body of rules was applicable throughout the european union. Thirdly, the installation of the se will aid the transfer of technology in the interior european market. It will set in place a common system of financial information, and lead to a better protection of intellectual property rights. The main difficulty to the adoption of the se is the area of employees right. The juridical obstacles had already been overcome, and the project of directive might meet a qualified majority on politic points. Those political points include the following: employees should be involved in the strategic decisions of the companies and they should be consulted over possible closures transfer of business. The first part of the thesis sets out the rules on the functioning of an se as envisaged by the project. The second part of the thesis examines the theoretical conclusions in the light of some difficulties raised in practice. It shows that the legal problems can indeed be overcome. As a consequence, we believe that the adoption of the se will lead to the adoption of further types of legal persons governed by european law.
Abstract FR:
La societe anonyme europeenne (se) est un projet qui autorisera des son adoption de nouvelles strategies d'entreprises. Une se pourra resulter, de la fusion de deux ou plusieurs entreprises relevant d'au moins deux etats membres differents; de la creation d'une societe holding entre entreprises relevant d'au moins deux etats membres differents; de la creation d'une societe commune, ou, de la transformation d'une societe nationale existante en se. La se est indispensable pour donner au marche interieur une dimension rationnelle, le rendant comparable aux marches nationaux. La se rationalisera les strategies d'entreprises dans l'union en permettant une simplification des montages et une diminution des couts. La se permettra une meilleure protection du patrimoine technologique des entreprises en europe. La creation d'une se sera en effet l'occasion de reflexions sur de nouvelles strategies basees sur l'optimisation du systeme juridique et economique communautaire. La question de la participation des salaries devrait trouver une solution politique. La source de blocage du projet se situe sur ce plan. En effet, sur le plan juridique, le nouveau projet de directive s'appuie sur un socle de droit social harmonise permettant une adoption du projet de directive a la majorite qualifiee. La premiere partie de la these envisage le fonctionnement de la se tel que decrit dans la proposition de reglement; la seconde partie montre l'utilite pratique de la se. En conclusion, nous pensons que l'adoption de la se conduira a l'adoption de nouvelles personnes morales de droit communautaire.