Le contentieux des actes juridiques portant sur un immeuble grévé d'usufruit
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Abstract EN:
Specific litigation has arisen with reference to legal documents concerning subject to a usufruct (life estate). It is a matter both of litigation inherent in the division of the title relative in particular to the powers of the usufructuary (life tenant) and the bare owner (remainderman), and of traditional ligigation complicated by the existence of the usufruct. The frequency of usufructs, the number of which has risen since adoption of the act of july 13, 1963, which increased the portion of estates disposable between spouses, gives the litigation very broad implications. For resolution thereof, two types of guiding principles can be put forward. The first concerns litigation between usufructuary and bare owner, and the second litigation with third parties. Relations between usufruactuaries (life tenants) and bare owners (remaindermen) are governed by three main principles. First, the bare owner must participate in actions which will eventually be binding on him. Second, legal issues must be resolved by taking the mutual interest of the usufructuary and the bare owner into consideration. Third, the bare owner's rights are generally inchoate until the usufruct determines. In considering relations with third parties, legal issues arising from action by the usufructuary or the bare owner alone must be distingished from those arising from by their joint action. In the former event, the third party is responsible for ascertaining with whom he is dealing and must accordingly boar the consequences of lack of authority of the person with whom he contracts. In the latter event, the contract forms a whole vis-a-vis the third party, who is thus in practically the. . .
Abstract FR:
Les actes juridiques portant sur un immeuble greve d'usufruit sont a l'origine d'un contentieux specifique. Il s7agit tantot d'un contentieux inherent au demembrement de propriete relatif notamment aux pouvoirs de l'usufruitier et du nu-proprietaire, tantot d'un contentieux classique par le demembrement de propriete. La frequence des usufruits, qui s'est accrue depuis la loi du 13 juillet 1963 qui a augmente la quotite disponible entre epoux, donne a ces contentieux un champ d'application tres vaste. Pour le reglement de celui-ci, deux categories de principes directeurs peuvent etre mises en evidence. La premiere concerne le contentieux entre usufruitier et nu-proprietaire et la seconde le contentieux avec les tiers. Lorsque l'on s'interesse aux relations entre usufruitier et nu-proprietaire, on releve trois idees directrices. Tout d'abord, le nu-proprietaire doit participer aux actes qui l'engagent a terme. Ensuite, les situations contentieuses doivent etre resolues en prennant en consideration l'interet commun entre usufruitier et nu-proprietaire. Enfin, il faut respecter l'idee selon laquelle la vocation du nuproprietaire est d'attendre la fin de l'usufruit. Lorsque l'on s'interesse aux relations avec les tiers, il faut distinguer le contentieux ne de l'intervention exclusive de l'usufruitier ou du nu-proprietaire de celui qui nait de leur intervention conjointe. Dans la premiere hypothese, les tiers doivent savoir avec qui ils contractent et doivent subir ainsi les consequences du defaut de pouvoir de leur cocontractant. Dans la seconde hypothese, le contrat forme un tout a l'egard du tiers contractant qui est ainsi pratiquement dans la meme situation que s'il avait contracte avec un plein proprietaire.