Le parasitisme en droit français
Institution:
Paris 1Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
The parasitism that consists for a third in tacking advantage of other efforts in the differents sectors of economy and industry, seems to be nowadays frequently denounced under most subtil way. This notion that was highlited thirty years ago by mr yves saint-gal did not stop evoluing in france and abroad, facing the worsening parasite behavior. The parasitism theory, whose application field has been widened recognized by the doctrine and even sometimes by the legislator seems to be progressively accepte by the judges. However the uncertainly has to the terminology to be used (concurrency of parasit act or parasitism. . . ) often creates confusion with other notions such as unfair concurrency and even sometimes infringement. Nevertheless, even if there one still some differences in the terminology, it seems fundamental to determine the funding of the story and therefor the useable repression. What repression system seems to be the most officient, the fastest, and most of all the one that willtgive the greatest compensation to the victim of a parasit? the juridical system bases on the pre-contractuel responsability? or commercial arbitration? in spite of the very attracting forms of these differents juridics systems, it seemed more convenient to base the parasitism repression on the civil responsability system (art 1382 civil code) and to suggest a couple of necessary new options in order quick, sure and dissuasive punishment.
Abstract FR:
Le parasitisme qui consiste pour un tiers a profiter du fruit des efforts d'autrui dans les divers secteurs de la vie economiuqe et industrielle, apparait frequemment denonce de nos jours sous les formes les plus subtiles. Cette notion mise en lumiere, il y a une trentaine d'annees par monsieur yves saint-gal, n'a cesse d'evoluer en france et a l'etranger, face aux comportements croissants des parasites. La theorie du parasitisme dont le domaine d'application s'est elargi, reconnue par la doctrine, parfois meme par le legislateur, apparait progressivement consacree par les magistrats. Toutefois, l'incertitude quant a la terminologie a employer (concurrence ou agissement parasitaire ou parasitisme. . . ) suscite souvent une confusion avec d'autres notions telles que celles de concurrence deloyale et parfois meme de contrefacon. Neanmoins, meme s'il demeure des differenciations dans la terminologie, il apparait fondamental de determiner le fondement de cette theorie et par consequent le regime de repression applicable. Quel mode de repression apparait le plus efficace, le plus rapide et surtout le plus reparateur pour la victime parasitee ? le regime juridique fonde sur la responsabilite precontractuelle, contractuelle, penale, l'accession mobiliere, ou l'arbitrage commercial ? en depit du caractere fort seduisant de ces diverses regimes juridiques, il est apparu plus opportun de fonder la repression du parasitisme sur le regime de la responsabilite civile (article 1382 du code civil) en proposant toutefois quelques amenagements sans indispensables a l'obtention d'une sanction, rapide, certaine, dissuasive.