L'impartialité du magistrat en procédure pénale
Institution:
Grenoble 2Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
The impartiality is for a magistrate an universal requirement. Paradoxically, the concept of impartiality is not described. The definition can be find with the study of the rules which protect impartiality. These rules consisting of two groups : the first group concerned the author of the judgement. These rules have for reason to exclude magistrates from some legal proceedings. The second group concerned the elaboration of the judgement. These other rules describe the magistrate's thought process. By comparaison, these rules prove that the unbiased sentence is passed by a magistrate who has this thought processes : he don't take his secret feelings and his public judicial decision into account. He ignore his past in the proceeding and his environment. The unprejudiced judgement is too a judgement which appear to be unprejudiced. The appearances ara apprehended like reality.
Abstract FR:
L'exigence d'impartialite du magistrat est universelle. Paradoxalement, la notion d'impartialite n'a jamais ete caracterisee. La definition du concept peut etre degagee grace a l'etude des regles destinees a garantir l'impartialite. Ces garanties forment deux ensembles. L'un regroupe des prescriptions relatives a l'auteur de la decision. Elle ont pour but commun d'exclure des magistrats de l'accomplissement de fonctions dans certains dossiers au nom de l'impartialite. D'autres regles envisagent l'elaboration de la decision. Elles decrivent la demarche intellectuelle qui doit mener le magistrat a arreter un choix impartial. Le rapprochement des garanties d'impartialite revele que la decision impartiale est adoptee par un magistrat qui se livre a une demarche intellectuelle de remise en cause : remise en cause de ses pensees secretes ( pre-jugement ) et de ses positions officielles ( parti-pris ) resultant de son passe dans la procedure et de son environnement. La decision impartiale est encore celle qui parait telle. L'apparence d'impartialite s'interprete comme l'impartialite effective.