Aspects juridiques de l'assurance qualite en agro-alimentaire
Institution:
NantesDisciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
The european food law limits the field of compulsory rules, that let more liberty to professionals. They must arrange it, taking into consideration the fact that healthiness of foods is considered as a "public asset". The production can't be let to the only private initiative. Quality insurance is a good means to take this necessity into consideration. A more simple approach of quality insurance, is haccp method, which has been integrated into european law. The new type of economic relation s which are established, following the putting of quality insurance into food plants, modify the legal relations between the participant in agrobusiness channels. The supplier informs the customer by giving him previous and finals proofs that the products will futil its requirements. A real collaboration can be established between both of them. This collaboration has got consequences upon employees working methods and requirements imposed to farmers (suppliers of the agrobusiness plant). Moreover, control on food is becoming more and more difficult, as well as the verification of the intentionnal element of penal infringements. The officers in charge of public control must develop more sophisticated method of control. Quality insurance doesn't have a main influence upon manufacturers civil liability. Both of them are based on adifferent approach of liability.
Abstract FR:
Le droit de l'alimentation restreint le champs des regles obligatoires, ce qui laisse plus de liberte aux professionels. Ils doivent amenager cette liberte en tenant compte du fait que la salubrite des denrees agro-alimentaires est consideree comme un "bien public" donc, la production ne peut etre laissee a la seule initiative privee. La mise sous assurance qualite, en tant qu'instrument privilegie permettant de garantir la protection de ce bien public, est destine a se developper. Une approche plus simple de l'assurance qualite, la methode haccp a d'ailleurs ete integree dans la legislation communautaire. Les nouveaux types de relations economiques qui s'instaurent, a la suite de la mise sous assurance qualite des entreprises agro-alimentaires, modifient les relations juridques entre les acteurs de la filiere. L'assurance qualite permet d'adopter au client les garanties de satisfaction qu'il recherche quant a la regularite de la qualite des denrees agro-alimentaires commandees. Une veritable relation de collaboration peut s'etablir entre eux. Elle se repercute sur la methode de travail des salaries et sur les exigences imposees aux producteurs agricoles en amont de la filiere. En outre, l'assurance qualite rend plus difficile le controle officiel des denrees agroalimentaires et la constatation de l'element materiel de l'infraction penale. Les agents de la dgccrf doivent donc evoluer vers des methodes de controle plus sophistiquees, vers l'audit l'assurance qualite n'a pas veritablement d'influence sur la responsabilite civile des fabricants. Toutes deux reposent sur une approche differente de la responsabilite.