La télévision européenne : un espace sans frontières
Institution:
Paris 1Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
Television occupies a prime position in our society. As it can transmit an event immediately to a billion people, television is a mean of communication, which affects the masses and has a considerable impact. Intemationalization of the audiovisual field, televisual as well as cinamatographic, and the influence of the new technologies, gave birth to the making of a community policy, specific to the audiovisual. The european community started in the 80's to take a number of initiatives in the television field. Television programs have been considered by the european community court of justice as services, which require free circulation between member states. The european audiovisual space, without frontiers, means the establishment of a fluid market permitting the circulation of goods and services. This should be a way to implemente the economic and cultural policies of member states. The purpose of the creation of a european space without frontiers is to facilitate the exploitation of audiovisual programs coming from the national market of the european union. As the european offer is not competitive enough, the community policy comes with measures to protect and promote the production of european programs against imported audiovisual programs, especially from the united states. This measures are specified in the "television without frontiers" directive from october 3, 1989, modified by the one from june 30, 1997, which forecasts that european channels must reserve a major proportion of their broadcasting time to european programs. This provision will disappear as soon as european producers will improve their competitivity and be in a position to create programs corresponding to the quality criteria required by european channels. In order to create a space without frontiers for european television, regulations which have to be harmonious between the different countries of the union have to be established. At the same time, the cultural identity of each state has to be respected as the protection of television watchers - particularly the youngest - against the potential dangers television can represent.
Abstract FR:
La television occupe une place primordiale dans la societe. Etant en mesure de retransmettre un evenement instantanement a des millions de personnes, la television est un moyen de communication qui touche les masses et dont la portee est considerable. L'internationalisation de la filiere audiovisuelle, aussi bien televisuelle que cinematographique, et le role des nouvelles technologies, est a l'origine de l'elaboration d'une politique communautaire specifique a l'audiovisuel. La commission europeenne a commence dans les annees 1980 a prendre un grand nombre d'initiatives dans le domaine de la television. Les emissions de television ont ete considerees par la cour de justice des communautes europeennes comme entrant dans la categorie des services, d'ou l'exigence de leur libre circulation entre les etats membres. L'espace audiovisuel europeen, sans frontieres, signifie l'etablissement d'un marche fluide, favorisant la circulation de biens et services, qui devrait etre le moyen de realiser les politiques economiques et culturelles des etats membres. La constitution d'un espace europeen sans frontieres a pour finalite de faciliter l'exploitation d'oeuvres audiovisuelles provenant des marches nationaux de l'union europeenne. Cette offre europeenne n'etant pas suffisamment competitive, la politique communautaire s'accompagne de mesures destinees a proteger et promouvoir la production de programmes europeens contre des oeuvres audiovisuelles importees, notamment provenant des etats-unis. Ces mesures sont contenues dans la directive "television sans frontieres" du 3 octobre 1989, modifiee par celle du 30 juin 1997, qui prevoit que les chaines europeennes reservent a des oeuvres europeennes une proportion majoritaire de leur temps de diffusion. Cette disposition a vocation a disparaitre des lors que les producteurs europeens auront ameliore leur competitivite et pourront ainsi creer des oeuvres repondant aux criteres de qualite requis par les chaines europeennes. Constituer un espace sans frontieres pour la television europeenne passe necessairement par l'etablissement de reglementations qui se doivent d'etre harmonieuses entre les differents pays de l'union, tout en respectant l'identite culturelle de chacun, et tout en assurant la protection des telespectateurs, notamment celle des plus jeunes, contre les eventuels dangers que peut representer la television.