La compensation dans le commerce international
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Abstract EN:
The barter transactions are continuously evoluting, not only their forms but also their applications in the international trade. These deals can appear under several forms: barter, counter-purchase, advance compensation, compensation deal, clearing, switch, debt-for-swap, countertrade, offset. They are not anymore simple clearing, switch, debt-for-swap, countertrade, offset. They are not anymore simple goods or services exchanges but complex operations, reserved to specialists, and the parties are faced to specific risks and not only to classical ones. The contracting parits are also faced to the complexity of the contracs, the confusion on terminology and the contradictory reaction of the institutional environment the aim of this present research is to bring a juridical contribution to the study of countertrade, that is how to choose the essential elements, the juridical qualification and the execution of the contracts. The analysis of all those agreements will show how specific they are in the international trade. Their identity will be shown by pointing out the contractual praxis, the freedom of the parties, their motivations, their constraints and the precautions to be taken.
Abstract FR:
Les transactions commerciales de troc connaissent une evolution constante quant a leurs formes, mais aussi a leurs applications dans le commerce international. Ces operations peuvent prendre des forms multiples: troc, contreachat, precompensation, compensation au sens strict, clearing, conversion de l'excedent du clearing, conversion d'une dette en livraison de marchandises ou de titres, achat en retour, offset. Elles ne sont plus les simples echanges de biens et ou de services mais des transactions complexes, reservees aux specialistes, car en dehors des risques classiques, elles exposent les parties a des risques specifiques. La complexite des contrats, les confusions au niveau de la terminologie ainsi que l'environnement institutionnel parfois contradictoire accompagnent les cocontractants des accords de compensation dits d'echanges compenses. L'objet de la presente recherche est d'apporter une contribution juridique a l'etude des accords de compensation, a savoir le choix des elements essentiels, la qualification juridique et l'execution de ces accords. L'analyse de l'ensemble de ces accords appliques en commerce international fait ressortir la specificite desdits accords par rapport aux conceptions connues. Leur identite est montree a la lumiere de la pratique contractuelle, en insistant sur la liberte des parties. Leurs motivations, leurs contraintes et les precautions a prendre.