Aspects juridiques du credit a la construction en droit marocain
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Abstract EN:
To accomplish credit operations, financial institutions demand require guarantees. The state resort to public or semi-public institutions to follow out his housing politics. Those institutions are invested of all juridical and financial means. The maroccan housing and hotel - trade cred it is an organism a body which has the mono- poly of the housing credit operations. It consents loans according to a general system as well as a special system. The schedules of those institutions are characterized by : a low number or realizations - the delay - the financial and administra- tive problems - the prospecting of solvent clients - the maladjustment of the loans to the financial structures and tothe incomes. As for the credit guarantees, they are secure because they are based on the land advertising. But in fact, inprachse the effi- cency is arguable. The land advertising principles are the constitutive facts accor- ding to which every assignment is only effectiv on and after its inscription in the land registry (land registers). The principle of the probativ force give rise to the establishing of an unimpugnable and definitive land title-deed. Those two principles are generally limited (possibility of transfer) and particulary limited (property privileges). Finally, the compulsing registering and its generalization are the reforms required by the land advertising. As for the efficercy of the garantees, the maroccan law allow the mortgage on un registered buildings (which are inalierable and not distrainable). Practical difficulties occur - by the same way, in fact, the attachment of the real property is a long and complicated proce- dure. The particular case of "c. I. H. " comes in addition to this. It enforces cons- traints to the borrowers and thus, two linds of insurances are required. Finally, it's necessary to respond to the increasing needs, while taking the beneficiaries interests in account, for the housin credit development.
Abstract FR:
Pour accomplir les operations de credit, les etablissements financiers exigent des garanties. L'etat pour executer sa politique d'habitat a recours aux etablissements publics et para-publics. Ces derniers sont dotes de tous les moyens juridiques et financiers necessaires. Le credit immobilier et hotellier du maroc est l'organisme qui monopolise les operations du credit a la construction. Il accorde les prets selon deux regimes : general et special. Les bilans de ces etablissements sont caracterises par : faible nombre de realisation - le retard - problemes financiers et administratifs - recherche de clients solvables - non adaptation de la reglementation des prets en fonction des revenus aux structures financieres. Quant aux garanties du credit, elles sont solides puisqu'elles sont basees sur la publicite fonciere. Seu- lement, dans la pratique, leur efficacite est discutable. Les principes de la publi- cite fonciere sont : l'effet constitutif selon lequel tout transfert de droit n'a d'effet qu'a partir de son inscription sur les livres fonciers. Le principe de la force probante donne lieu a l'etablissement d'un titre definitif et inattaquable. Ces deux principes connaissent des restrictions generales : droit de mutations, ou particulieres : privileges immobiliers. Enfin, l'immatriculation obligatoire et sa generalisation sont les deux reformes qui s'imposent pour la publicite fonciere. Au niveau de l'efficacite des garanties, le droit marocain permet l'hypotheque d'immeu- bles non immatricules (qui sont incessibles et insaisissables) ceci posent des diffi- cultes pratiques. De meme, au niveau de la realisation, la saisie immobiliere est une procedure longue et compliquee. A cela, s'ajoute le cas particulier du c. I. H. Il impose des obligations a l'emprunteur. Aussi, il exige de lui deux sortes d'assu- rances. Enfin, pour un developpement du credit a la construction, il est necessaire de repondre aux besoins croissants et de tenir compte des interets des beneficiaires.