L'efficacité substantielle des jugements civils
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Abstract EN:
The effect on the whole substantive law - including individual rights of the parties to the proceedings - of judicial decisions ending private litigations. It materializes in two cumulatives way. One affects the individual rights of the plaintif - a right which has been challenged or which the suitor was in no legal position to exercise but for the leave of a judge. The other one affects the norm which lays down the individual right in question. We would take for granted that judicial decisions are credited with an obligatory force and that third parties are under a dirty to respect it, two features which are on common to the abstract rules which the judgent justs into application. The effect so discribed is to be distinguished from what can be gratified as attributes of a judicial decision. The latter are automatic in character and are of an external nature as regards the judicial decision itself. So the law attaches certain consequences, once and for all, to given classes of judgments in order that each can fulfill its respective function. Those are : parties being estopped from raising the same issue at a later date, by the principles of res judicata ; the discharging effect on the judge of its decision been made ; the rights belanging to the winning party to execute the judgment in his favour against the losing one ; the judgment as
Abstract FR:
Par efficacite substantielle des jugements, il faut entendre effet des jugements sur le droit objectif et sur les droits subjectifs des plaideurs. Cet effet se traduit par une double concretisation : celle du droit subjectif du demandeur, droit qui etait conteste ou que le plaideur ne pouvait exercer sans l'intervention d'un juge et celle de la norme qui prevoit cette prerogative ; etant entendu que le jugement dispose d'une force obligatoireet d'une opposabilite aux tiers - similaires a celles de la regle abstraite dont il fait application. Cette notion se distingue de celle d'attribut du jugement. Celle-ci se caracterise par son automaticite et son exteriorite par rapport au jugement. Ainsi, l'autorite de la chose jugee, le dessaisissement du juge, la force executoire, la force probante, l'interversion des prescriptions et l'hypotheque judiciaire sont attribues une fois pour toutes, par le legislateur, a telle ou telle categorie de decisions pour exercer leur fonction respective. L'efficacite substantielle appartient a tous les jugements qui font droit a la demande et est obligatoire ou opposable a compter d'une date variant, en fonction de l'opportunite, dans chaque type de situations.