L'adaptation du droit pénal à la protection du mineur victime d'infractions sexuelles
Institution:
Lyon 3Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
Minors who are victims of sexual crimes should be entitled to a special protection by the criminal law. The importance of such protection should not be minimised. Criminal law should include provisions which are able to address adequately sexual crimes in which the victim is a minor. The purpose of this research is to examine to any extent minority affects the provisions of the Criminal Code, aiming at providing the required protection of the minor victim in the criminal legal system. Can the substantive and procedural criminal rules regarding sexual offences which are not applying particularly to the victim as a minor provide him/her with the sufficient protection? In other words, should the rules dealing with sexual offences in which the victim is an adult be the same and apply to a case when the victim is a minor? If the answer to the previous questions is no, the minor as a victim of sexual offences would need new rules in order to address his case? How could we set these rules? One of the topics is to analyze all the preceding questions concerning the adaptation of the criminal law to deal more adequately with the cases when the victim of sexual offences is a minor. A comparative analysis between the required protection of the minor as a victim of sexual offences and that protection provided generally by the criminal law raises two main questions: firstly, how to adapt substantive criminal rules in order to provide a better protection for the minor victim of sexual offences. Furthermore, minority should be an element of the sexual offences rather than an aggravating circumstance. Secondly, to adapt the criminal law to suit the status of the minor victim can be by the individualization of procedural techniques. Criminal proceedings should be reorganised to take into consideration the minor victim as a subject of real protection. The French law which has a long history in protecting the minor victim should now adopt a new model providing a comprehensive care of the minor victim of sexual offences.
Abstract FR:
Le mineur victime d’infractions sexuelles devrait disposer d’un droit penal qui a la capacite de le proteger specifiquement et suffisamment en raison de sa situation particuliere. Ainsi, l’importance des textes adaptes du droit penal a la protection du mineur victime ne doit pas etre minoree. L’interet de notre demarche consiste a verifier comment la minorite de la victime pourrait influer sur le contexte de droit penal pour mettre en coherence la protection du mineur dans un systeme juridique penal adapte. Est-ce que les regles substantielles et procedurales des infractions sexuelles non specifiques au mineur victime ne pourraient-elles pas assurer a ce dernier une meilleure protection ? En d’autres termes, les regles de protection d’un adulte victime de l’infraction sexuelle sont-elles semblables a celles s’appliquant au mineur victime, ou a defaut, ce dernier aurait-il besoin d’autres types de regles ? Comment pourrions- nous fixer ces regles specifiques ? A travers une methode de confrontation entre la protection specifique d’un mineur victime d’infractions sexuelles et la protection generale de celui-ci, nous souleverons deux questions principales concernant l’adaptation du droit penal a la protection du mineur victime : l’une concernant l’adaptation du droit penal par l’amenagement des regles substantielles. Ainsi, la minorite de la victime pourrait devenir un element constitutif de l’infraction sexuelle. Et l’autre concernant l’adaptation du droit penal par la personnalisation des regles procedurales. Ainsi, les procedures penales devraient s’orienter vers l’organisation de l’assistance authentique d’un mineur victime, ce dernier etant perçu comme sujet d’une veritable protection. Le droit français, longtemps precurseur en matiere de protection du mineur victime, devrait adopter aujourd’hui un nouveau modele de la protection permettant une prise en charge globale du mineur victime d’infractions sexuelles.