Les entreprises industrielles et commerciales exerçant une activité bancaire : contribution à l'étude juridique des entreprises pluriactives
Institution:
NiceDisciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
In a legal system based on a strict division between traditional banks and companies, the existence of companies with banking activities is disturbing. The question is knowing if the law is able to regulate these economic players that shouldn't exist. In trying to find the legal status of these firms, this fear is confirmed. Whereas a formal analysis hides these banking activities, a comprehensive examination reveals that there is a new intermediate category which is not a bank, and not a pure commercial entity. The conflict between the different designations is worrying because regulating the risks created by these firms is at stake. When two different designations, one formal and the other one comprehensive, refer to the same situation, the clash often shows that there is a gap between the rules that are applicable and the rules that should be applied. The contested formal designation carries with it the application of a set of rules that are not adapted to the situation. Even though suprisingly this designation doesn't totally exclude these firms from banking law being applied to them, the difficulty is confirmed. The rules that are applicable to them are too limited, and the regulation of the risks is not perfect. The existence of these firms with many different activities calls for a modification in banking law.
Abstract FR:
Dans un système juridique bâti sur le postulat d'un strict cloisonnement entre les entreprises bancaires et non bancaires, la présence d'entreprises industrielles et commerciales exerçant une activité bancaire dérange. Tandis qu'une analyse formelle occulte leur activité bancaire et les assimile à des entreprises ordinaires, une analyse substantielle y voit une nouvelle catégorie intermédiaire, à mi-chemin entre les entreprises bancaires et non bancaires. Ce conflit de qualification s'avère naturellement préoccupant. Lorsque deux qualifications distinctes, l'une formelle et l'autre substantielle, se disputent la désignation de la même situation, le désaccord entre la première et la seconde s'exprime généralement par un décalage entre le régime applicable et celui qui devrait l'être. Si contre toute attente, cette qualification ne soustrait pas totalement ces entreprises à l'application du droit bancaire, la relation se vérifie malgré tout. Le dispositif qui leur est applicable demeure trop limité, et la régulation des risques qu'elles génèrent s'avère imparfaite.