La Migration internationale de travail et son rôle dans l'urbanisation de deux petites villes du sud-ouest marocain : Tiznit et Ouled Teima
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Abstract EN:
The region of souss in the south-west of morocco is outstanding for its level of demografic displacement both withim the country and abroad. Displacement within the country which developed in the 50's, 60's and 70's is principally towards towns along the atlantic coast. As for emigration the inhabitants of the region established commercial links with sudan long before the islamicisation of north africa. Emigration to europe began at the 40's. However later this became lesse common and has now practically ceased. Money sent back to tiznit froms abroad the basis of the town's economy and it is with this money that the town s commercial activity is funded. However this is not the case. With ouled teima where due to fact that it is situated in the heart of a modern. Well developed agricultural region income fram abroad plays a secondary role in the local economy it does nevertheless represen a driving force in its spatial growth. The percentage of tiznit's population living directly or indirectly of the money fram abroad is much than that of ouled teima : 44,5% against 19,9%.
Abstract FR:
La region du souss, aud sud-ouest marocain, se caracterise par une migration externe et interne traditionelle. Le mouvement migratoire interne s'etant developpe durant les annees 50,60 et 70 s'effectue principalement vers les villes de la frange atlantique. Concernant la migration externe, on a constate que les soussi nouaient des relations d'echanges commerciales avec le soudan avant l'islamisation de l'afrique du nord. La migration vers l'europe s'est developpee dans le souss depuis les annees 40. Les transferts monetaires vers tiznit representent le facteur primordial de son economie urbaine, le developpement des activites commerciales est du principalement a ce facteur. Par contre a ouled teima, vu son emplacement au coeur d'un perimetre agricole bien amenage, les revenus migratoires jouent un role secondaire dans son developpement economique, mais une force motrice de son developpement spatial. Le pourcentage des actifs vivant directement ou indirectement de l'economie migratoire est tres important a tiznit 44,5% de la population active totale contre 19,9% a ouled teima.