Agriculteurs de l'O. R. D. De la Volta noire, Burkina Faso : un effort de développement économique ?
Institution:
Bordeaux 3Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
With a surface area of about more than 12,781 square miles, occupied by nearly some ten ethnic groups, and located in the sudano-sahelian zone, the regional organization for development (<ord>) of the black volta river has got diversified soils. The thicket, formerly compact, is deteriorating as years go by. The agricultural soil is devided into three crown which cereals, leguminous plants, tuber plants as well as cotton grow. Agriculture and stock-breeding suffer from the in the climate. Oxen (more than 345,000 in number) are often the victims of epizoty which is not yet quite under control. H fishing and craftsmanship are complementary activities which are carried out everywhere in the dry season. After their settlement in 1898, the french brought in taxes and conducted not only a well appreciated socio-sanitary pol (with the bulding, among others, of schools and dispensaries), but also an economic policy centred on cotton production. Important communication network was created. Since 1953 the <cfdt> in charge of the so-called operation cotton firmly took root in the region as it endeavoured to ma people forget the errors of the past. Having recourse to new technics, strict guiding and development projects supported friendly countries and organizations brought about very satisfactory results. The output rose from 150 kilogrammes for e 2. 47 acres in 1960 to 1,089 kilogrammes in 1983 with respect to cotton from 600 kilos to 813 kilos with respect to sorgh and so on in so forth. In 1986 and 1987, the <ord> provided 49,647 and 77,983 tons of cotton respectively, which corresp to 43 and 46 per cent of the burkinabe production respectively. In 1986, it had 36,067 traction oxen, 9,460 donkeys, 670 ses, 28,700 ploughs, 13,600 carts, 106 seeding ploughs, and 80 tractors (out of the total number of 218 in the country w means 38 per cent) ; 50 per cent of peasants received guiding in 1984. As far as cotton is concerned, the average income perfarm amounted to 298, 000 francs at solenzo, 163,000 francs at boro
Abstract FR:
D'une superficie de 33 106km2, peuple de pres d'une dizaine d'ethnies et situe en zone soudano-sahelienne, l'ord de la volta noire possede des sols varies. Le couvert vegetal, autrefois dense, se degrade au fil des ans. Le terroir agric en trois couronnes sur lesquelles poussent des cereales, des legumineuses, des plantes a tubercules et aussi le coton. L et l'elevage subissent l'influence du climat. Le cheptel bovin (plus de 345 000 tetes) est souvent victime des epizootie re mal maitrisees. La chasse, la peche, l'artisanat, sont des activites d'appoint pratiquees partout en saison seche. Apres s'y etre installee en 1898, la france introduisit l'impot et entreprit une politique socio-sanitaire (ecoles, disp res,. . . ) appreciee, et surtout economique axee sur la production cotonniere. Un important reseau de communication vit le depuis 1953, la cfdt, chargee de l'operation coton, s'implanta solidement dans la region, s'efforcant de faire oublier les erreurs du passe. Les nouvelles techniques, un encadrement serre, des plans de developpement soutenus par les pays e organismes amis eurent des resultats tres positifs. Les rendements passerent de moins de 150kg ha en 1960 a 1089kg en 1983 pour le coton; de 600 kg a 813 kg pour le sorgho, etc. . . Avec 49 647 t en 1986, 77 983 t en 1987, l'ord fournit respectivement 43 et 46% du coton burkinabe. En 1986, il disposait de 36 067 boeufs de trait, 9460 anes, 670 chevaux, 28 700 charrues, 13 600 charrettes, 106 semoirs, 80 tracteurs (sur 212 dans le pays : 38%) ; 50% des paysans etaient enc dres en 1984. Le revenu moyen pour le coton, par exploitation se chiffrait a 298 000 f a solenzo, 163 000 f a boromo, 85000f a dedougou. L'excedent cerealier moyen annuel a ete de 45 000 t de 1974 a nos jours tandis que le coton a permis d'encai ser 7598 millions de francs (46,20% du total national) en 1986-87.