L'eau et la ville : origine, nature et mode de regulation des eaux destinees a la consommation humaine. exemple de la communaute urbaine de strasbourg
Institution:
Strasbourg 1Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
This research looks at the safety steps involved in supplying drinking water to large towns and cities and also the administration problems which are involved. The question which has been put forward concerns the spado-temporal adequacy which arises between the protection strategies of the water quality installed by the concerned social actors and the exposure of the resource to accidental pollution risks. In order to study the misfunctionning of the protection device, the main argument is to compare the time delay of the actor's reaction against the spreading dynamic of pollutants in the ground water. For this purpose, the study called upon the analysing methods of spatial complexity, such as modelisation and simulation, using a systemic approach. Descriptive elements, notably saptial, of head-on pollution, installed supervision devices as well as relationships established between them have all been modelled in accordance with the proposed approaches suggested by de latil. The simultaneously study on different kinds of phenomena, physical and social, to equally different spado-temporal scales, necessitated the support aid from a geographical information system (gis). The data used are specific of a catchment well in the urban community of strasbourg. The main important conclusion of this research underlines the importance of information and communication contact within the decision-making authorities who are dependent on structures more or less independent from one other. Taken from recent work conducted by distributed artificial intelligence concerning the organisation of social groups, it has been suggested resorting to multi-agent modelisation (mas) in order to identify the supposed misfunctionning problems.
Abstract FR:
La recherche porte sur la securite d'approvisionnement en eau potable des grandes villes et sur les problemes de gestion qui y sont lies. La question posee est celle de l'adequation spatio-temporelle entre les strategies de preservation de la qualite de l'eau adoptees par les acteurs sociaux concernes et l'exposition de la ressource aux risques de pollution accidentelle. Pour etudier les dysfonctionnements du dispositif de protection, le raisonnement consiste a comparer les delais de reaction de ces acteurs a la dynamique de propagation d'un polluant dans une nappe phreatique. A cet effet, l'etude fait appel aux methodes d'analyse de la complexite spatiale, telles que la modelisation et la simulation par une approche systemique. Les elements descriptifs, notamment spatiaux, du front de pollution, des dispositifs de surveillance mis en place ainsi que des relations qui s'etablissent entre eux, ont ete modelises selon l'approche proposee par de latil. L'etude simultanee de phenomenes de nature differente, physiques et sociaux, a des echelles spatio-temporelles egalement differentes, a necessite le recours a un systeme d'information geographique (sig). Les donnees exploitees sont specifiques a l'un des puits de captage de la communaute urbaine de strasbourg (cus). La conclusion principale de cette recherche souligne l'importance de l'information et de la communication entre des instances decisionnelles relevant de structures plus ou moins independantes les unes des autres. A partir de travaux recents en intelligence artificielle distribuee sur l'organisation des groupes sociaux, il est propose de recourir a la modelisation multi-agent (sma) pour identifier les dysfonctionnements supposes.