La basilicate, changement social et changement spatial dans une region du mezzogiorno
Institution:
Toulouse 2Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
In 1950, this small region in the "deep" mezzogiorno manifested symptoms of acute underdeveloppement : over population of the land, much of which is rugged ; continuing soil erosion ; extreme inequalities of land ownership ; poverty ; underprovision of infrastructure. In the following 30 years, it has seen several important changes. The elimination or reduction of long standing problems : malaria and problems of water management. These improvements have contributed more than agrarian reform has to the renewal of lowland agriculture. Outmigration has alleviated the population problems of the mountains and hillcountry. Improvements to the communication network have reduced isolation. The construction of several industries has brought a rapid, though fragile, modernisation ; moreover the growth of services and the urbanisation of a society better integrated into the outside world, had contributed to this modernisation. Spatial re-organisation is being experienced as a result of this, with the growing importance of the lowlands and of the regional capital (favoured by the regionalisation), in contrast to the mountain cantons which are now experiencing problems of depopulation which are common to many mountainous coastal regions of the north mediterranean. Do these changes mean that developpement has been accomplished ? developments elsewhere in italy and the still-unfulfilled promise
Abstract FR:
En 1950, cette petite region du mezzogiorno "profond" presentait des caracteres aigus du sous-developpement meridional, aggraves pour certains, depuis l'unite italienne : surpeuplement relatif sur des terres souvent accidentees, soumises a une vive erosion, inegalites foncieres criantes, misere, sous-equipement. . . Au cours des trente dernieres annees, elle a connu de nombreuses et importantes transformations. La bonification a elimine ou reduit des fleaux traditonnels : malaria, desordres hydrauliques. Plus que la reforme agraire, elle a contribue au renouveau agricole de la plaine. Les migrations ont allege les populations rurales de la montagne et des collines. L'amelioration du reseau de communication a fait reculer l'isolement. L'installation d'industries vint meme ajouter quelques touches de modernisation rapide mais fragile ; ce que firent davantage la tertiarisation et l'urbanisation de cette societe, desormais beaucoup plus integree a la societe globale. L'organisation spatiale s'en ressent, avec le poids grandissant de la plaine, de la capitale, avantagee par la regionalisation, face a bien des cantons montagnards qui connaissent maintenant ces problemes de devitalisation, communs aux montagnes du littoral septentrional de la mediterranee. Ces transformations signifient-elles un developpement accompli ? l'evolution du reste de l'italie et l'incapacite de cette region a se passer de soutiens financiers exterieurs suggerent une reponse.