Les mutations contemporaines des communes peripheriques de la roche-sur-yon : les effets d'une dynamique d'urbanisation
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Abstract EN:
The rural outskirts of la roche-sur-yon have known deep changes in the past twenty years. After an initial boom on the growth of the "chef-lieu" of the "departement" (county council town), growth of the urban periphery is now spreading through the nearby rural areas. An analysis of the latest development of those 14 neighbouring "communes" has enabled us tu capture the various components of those deep changes. The migrations operate from the town in large numbers. The immigration "communes" have seen their numbers rise steeply, in such proportion their population ends up as a minority. The age of the migrant populations, the range of their sociocultural backgrounds, their occupation of space are all in contrast with the native traits of the original rural milieu. Thence a juxtaposition of two separate populations. The numerous young couples - who mainly come from the neighbouring town - move to new individual houses whose acquisition has been made easier by the recent legal aids (apl : personalized housing grants). The town is still very much a magnet for those new inhabitants. The work, leisure and shopping migrations attest to this dependence, even though the peri-urban "communes" do try to acquire some form of independence, through setting up their own facilities. Such a sudden, hard clash between the new inhabitants and the natives has given birth to a number of stakes and strategies. The presence of the town of la roche-sur-yon has had no incentive whatsoever upon the agricultural activity of the peripheral "communes". The flood of urbanization which is overwhelming the rural areas meets with few obstacles, and the local authorities soon organize the growth of their communes. Some questions arise from the various equilibria which have been reached so far. The dynamics of urbanization have not resulted in any form of solidarity between the "communes" themselves neither between them and the main town. The "district of la roche-sur-yon is still on the lookout for its identity.
Abstract FR:
L'espace rural autour de la roche-sur-yon connait de profondes mutations lors des vingt dernieres annees. Apres avoir suscite un vif developpement du chef-lieu du departement, la dynamique d'urbanisation se diffuse ensuite a travers les campagnes proches. L'analyse des evolutions contemporaines de quatorze communes permet de saisir les differentes composantes des bouleversements. Les migrations qui s'operent a partir de la ville ont un caractere massif. Les communes d'accueil voient leur rythme de croissance s'elever tres rapidement, a tel point que la population locale se retrouve assez souvent minoritaire. L'age des migrants et leur palette sociale, leur implantation dans l'espace et leurs habitudes socio-culturelles contrastent avec les traits du milieu rural. Il en resulte une juxtaposition de deux populations. Les nombreux jeunes couples qui sont arrives pour la plupart de l'agglomeration voisine viennent s'installer dans des pavillons neufs dont le financement a ete facilite par des dispositions legislatives recentes (apl). La ville continue d'exercer un pouvoir d'attraction tres important sur cette nouvelle population. Les migrations de travail, de loisirs, d'approvisionnement attestent de cette dependance, meme si les communes peri-urbaines cherchent a acquerir une certaine autonomie a travers la mise en place d'equipements. La rencontre rapide et brutale des nouveaux habitants et des autochtones multiplie les enjeux et les strategies. La presence de l'agglomeration yonnaise ne vivifie aucunement l'activite agricole des communes peripheriques. La vague d'urbanisation qui se developpe dans l'espace rural trouve peu de veritables blocages, d'autant plus que les responsables locaux prennent rapidement en main l'organisation du developpement des communes. Les interrogations actuelles tiennent aux equilibres instaures aujourd'hui. La dynamique d'urbanisation n'a pas eu pour effet de creer de veritable solidarite entre les communes et vis a vis de la ville. Le pays yonnais parait encore a la recherche de son identite.