L'esthetique dans la production architecturale de masse
Institution:
Paris 8Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
With the dawn of the modern era all countries, whatever their ruling economic principles, have seen the disappearance of regional architectural production involving traditional techniques and materials and its replacement by a modern architecture considered by esthetes - rightly or wrongly - as inesthetic. This judgment particularly concerns architecture without architect which lacks any theoretical foundations. In 1913 legislation was first intro- duced to improve the quality of architectural production - an official admission that this was unesthetic. But despite the intro- duction since that date of a series of regulations and incentives, in our view, the esthetic problem remains. We will show why this is so in the case of architecture without architect. This research is devoted to the analysis of architecture without architect in france. It explains the rules and principles which made formal and esthetic coherence possible in traditional architecture without architect and the reasons for the disappearance of this coherence with the arrival of modern architecture. More specifically we show how the introduction of such institutions as the metric system, training schools, planning permission, legislation and normalization had disastrous effects on the esthetics of architecture. We draw up an exhaustive inventory of the materials and building techniques invented between 1900 and 1930 and this enables us to fix a date for the disappearance of the regional architectural current in france.
Abstract FR:
A l'avenement de la societe moderne, quel que soit le pays et les principes economiques qui le conduisent, la disparition d'une production regionale de l'architecture faisant intervenir des techniques et des materiaux traditionnels laisse place a une architecture moderne jugee par les esthetes, a tort ou a raison, globalement inesthetique. Ce jugement concerne plus particulierement l'architecture sans architecte qui ne beneficie d'aucun support theorique. En france, des 1913, apparait une reglementation administrative tendant a ameliorer la qualite de la production architecturale. C'est reconnaitre officiellement l'inesthetique qui s'attache a cette production. Malgre la creation d'une serie de reglements et d'incitations depuis cette date, un probleme d'ordre esthetique concernant l'architecture contemporaine demeure, selon nous, effectivement pose. Nous montrons pourquoi pour l'architecture sans architecte. Cette recherche est consacree a l'analyse de l'architecture sans architecte en france. Elle montre quels sont les regles et les principes qui permettaient de donner une coherence formelle et esthetique a l'architecture traditionnelle sans architecte, et quels furent les facteurs essentiels de la disparition de cette coherence a l'avenement de l'architecture moderne. Nous montrons notamment comment l'institution du systeme metrique, des ecoles professionnelles et du permis de construire, de la reglementation et de la normalisation, aura des consequences desastreuses sur l'esthetique architecturale. Nous dressons un inventaire exhaustif des materiaux et des techniques constructives inventes entre 1900 et 1930 permettant de situer precisement, en france, la fin du courant regional de l'architecture.