Enclavement et désenclavement en moyenne montagne d'Europe occidentale : Ardennes belge et française - Morvan- montagne languedocienne
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Abstract EN:
The recent transformation of the european rural areas under the impact of a new revolution in transport and the organisation of news regions - criss-crossed by those major links that are motorways and high speed train railway lines - has inevitably led to pondering about the present situation and the future development of those regions in european medium mountains such as the french and belgian ardennes, the morvan and languedoc mountains. The regions, whose population had for a long time shown specific ways of life and customs, whose economic cornerstone was an original combination of traditional individualistic activities and associated additional ones, collapsed under the aftermath of the various revolutions industry and transport both experienced, and wich deeply charged long- established relations and structures. The striking imbalances to be found in medium mountains - whose main features are social and economic inadequacies and divisions - have consequently sharpened the contrasts and worsened the hemmed-in position of those regions while enhancing the lead taken by others. Both the notion of medium mountains and their development must be reconsidered : their heurned -in position - however relative it may be -, the various ways in which people view their living there, the importance of the national parks, the discrepancies that exist in new zones characterized by rents in the social fabric and a declining population, advocate for a necessary re-establishing of a logical pattern of some sort that must meet the larger scale requirements of our modern world. That is the reason why the interrelating of the motorway network and the geographical, economic and social environment in medium mountains might prove promising in so far as it can initiate the integration of those regions into a new, wider, more cohesive european space. Those regions - that lack the assets of high mountains but that may well assert their original ways and means and their attractive traits as well - could find there hope for their renewal.
Abstract FR:
Les transformations recentes des espaces ruraux europeens sous les effets d'une nouvelle revolution des transports et de l'organisation de nouveaux territoires commandes par les grands axes de portee europeenne que sont les autoroutes et tgv, conduisent tout naturellement a une reflexion sur la situation presente et sur le devenir des regions de moyenne montagne europeenne telles les ardennes belge et francaise, le morvan, la montagne languedocienne. Longtemps regions a specifite humaine tres affirmee, au role economique original associant un individualisme traditionnel a des activites peripheriques complementaires, ces regions ont implose sous les effets des diverses revolutions industrielles et des transports, qui ont bouleverse profondement les anciennes relations et structures. Les profonds desequilibres de la moyenne montagne que caracterisent les ruptures economiques et sociales, ont accentue ainsi les contrastes mais egalement l'enclavement interregional tout en confirmant l'avance de certaines regions. L'espace de la moyenne montagne doit etre repense car la notion d'enclavement toute relative, les differentes approches de l'espace vecu, l'emprise des parcs naturels, les contrastes de nouveaux espaces caracterises par la rupture du fonds social, par la regression demographique, imposent le retablissement d'un ordre logique adapte aux exigences modernes, a une autre echelle. C'est la raison pour laquelle le contact autoroute-milieu de moyenne montagne, porteur d'esperance, peut etre a l'origine d'une integration de ces regions a un nouvel espace europeen elargi plus solidaire. Espoir de renouveau pour des regions qui n'ont pas les atouts de la grande montagne mais qui peuvent affirmer leur originalite et leurs attraits.