Les inondations catastrophiques sur la bordure montagneuse du Roussillon : dégâts et sinistrés
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Abstract EN:
There is not any exact superposition between geomorphological effects of catastrophic inundation and agricultural or economic damages. A precise study of 1940 inudation at the scale of cadastral survey is necessary because 2 analysis coexist about importance of devastations after rare events on te one hand and relative stability of the relief shape on the other hand. The connecting process at different scales is analysed in little watersheds. Absence of coincidence between geography of indemnisations and geography of damages offers a problem: this difference results from the choice deliberatly done by the authorities since xviii0 century for gestion of great inundations. In case of regional disaster, the politic choice is firstly to indemnise inundations due to the rivers overflowing, pluvial inundations with generalized rillwash are often taken into account. The consequence of this choice is to more indemnise the plain, which economic health is necessary to the region, than the mountain and besides, pluvial inundations are under represented in french + archives ;. The monarchy choice were implicitly remainded over the xix0 century. Reorganization of the landscapes following inundations accelerates fore evolutions or make emerge a latent tendency: diffrrences increase between high and low land. Disappearence of an oral culture of risk in catalan language is one of the elements which permit to realize the weight of history in actual organisation of administrative regulations. It is necessary to take that into account because people who had suffered from inundations had much changed during 2 centuries. Perception of environment and associated risks has been upset. Evolution is noticed from a knowledge of a space with caprices daily suffered by everybody, but with disasters integrated into villages stories, to an exigence of absolute control on natural environment too much forgotten by eventual victims. Catastrophe semmes like an unbearable breaking. Evolution of indemnisation is finally less tied to catastrophes than to political and administrative changes. A study of those geographical unsuperpositions to different scales allows to be more precise about the feeling of inadaptation between application of national administrative rules and requirements of victims.
Abstract FR:
Le decalage existant entre effets geomorphologiques de l'inondation catastrophique et degats agricoles, economiques est analyse. Une etude fine de l'inondation de 1940, a l'echelle cadastrale, est rendue necessaire par la coexistence de deux discours sur, d'une part l'importance des devastations dues aux evenements rares et, d'autre part, la relative stabilite des formes du relief. L'enchainement des processus aux differentes echelles est analyse sur de petits bassins. L'absence de coincidence entre la geographie des indemnisations et celle des degats pose probleme. Cette difference resulte d'un choix delibere des autorites, depuis au moins le xviii0 siecle, dans la gestion des grandes inondations. Le choix politique est fait, en cas de catastrophe regionale, de privilegier l'indemnisation des inondations dues au debordement des fleuves au detriment des inondations pluviales, par ruissellement generalise. Ce choix conduit a indemniser davantage la plaine, dont la sante economique est indispensable a la region, que la montagne, et a sous-representer les inondations pluviales dans les archives. Les choix d'ancien regime ont perdure implicitement au xix0 siecle. La reorganisation du paysage consecutive aux submersions accelere des evolutions anterieures ou fait emerger une tendance latente: les ecarts se creusent entre hauts et bas pays. La disparition d'une culture orale du risque, en catalan, est un des elements qui permet de prendre conscience du poids de l'histoire dans l'organisation des procedures actuelles. En tenir compte est necessaire car les sinistres ont bien change en 2 siecles. La perception du milieu et des risques associes a ete bouleversee. De la connaissance d'un espace aux caprices subis par tous quotidiennement mais aux catastrophes integrees dans l'histoire des villages, on est passe a l'exigence d'une maitrise absolue d'un milieu naturel trop oublie des sinistres potentiels. La catastrophe apparait comme une rupture insupportable. L'evolution de l'indemnisation est finalement moins liee aux catastrophes qu'aux changements politiques et administratifs. Mettre en evidence, expliquer ces decalages geographiques a differentes echelles, permet de cerner les inadequations ressenties en 1992 entre l'application des reglementations nationales et les exigences des sinistres.