Le nomade a kaedi (mauritanie) : la gestion urbaine a l'epreuve
Institution:
Paris 8Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
The drought which affected mauritania during the late 70's has profondly disturbed rural activities within the country, resulting in a quick settlement and the urbanization of the nomads population at kaedi. In less than a quarter of a century, the population increased 3 times and the city itself expansed it's size 8 times. This expansion is expressed by the blooming of new nomadic areas and land speculation. This situation conplicate urban management and planing. Relations between the city council and the urban dwellers are characterized by conflicts for the control of the city. While urban growth is making its ways, investisments are declining. The urban spece is deterioring because of the absence of urban services. For exemple, the farbage is not take and empty speces are covered by the urban landspece. In addition, the social organization of the nomadic population is changing. The nuclear family are being progressively substituted to the tribe. Slavery itself is going through fondamental modifications. This is a diversification of occupations. But the new urban dwellers are still at the margin of the urban economy.
Abstract FR:
La secheresse qui s'est abattue sur la mauritanie a partir des annees 1970 a profondemment perturbe les activites rurales du pays, aboutissant a une sedentarisation puis a une urbanisation rapide des nomades dans la ville de kaedi. En moins d'un quart de siecle, la population de la cite est multipliee par 3 et la superficie par plus de 8. Cette situation se manifeste par la creation de quartiers nomades et une speculation fonciere redoutable mettant la municipalite dans l'incapacite de maitriser l'organisation urbaine. Les rapports entre celle-ci et les habitant se reduisent a de permanents conflits pour le controle de la ville. Alors que la croissance se poursuit, les investissements stagnent. L'espace urbain se degrade du fait de l'absence de services urbains. Ainsi, les ordures menageres parsemant les rues et les espaces vides constituent desormais un aspect du paysage urbain. Apparait aussi une mutation notable de l'organisation originelle des nomades. La famille nucleaire remplace progressivement la tribu. La pratique de l'esclavage subit des modifications. Les emplois occupes se diversifient. Mais les neo-citadins continuent a etre a la marge de l'economie urbaine.