Amenagement de la region de nabatiye (liban-sud). Mutations spatio-economiques et option d'amenagement
Institution:
Paris 1Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
As a result of a long period of marginalisation of the agricultural land, the nabatiye region, as well as the whole of the southern lebanon, seems to undergo a particular mode of transformation of space. It is loosing its rural nature without acquiring activities of substantial urban character to replace it. The traces of a rural heritage, combined with the disarray of accelerated urbanisation, gives this region its particular dynamics. Agriculture becomes a secondary activity in the region; it is replaced by commercial activities as well as a number of trades related to construction and cars. The villages, who are originally modelled as a response to their agricultural needs, tend to adapt themselves, in both positive and negative manner, to their new life style and modes of production. People react and take different positions; some speak of decline even disappearing of a dying agricultural activity, others demand for the rebirth of the country sides, while a large number of people try, through commercial activities and crafts, to find a way out of agricultural "system". In a period where the country is rebuilding itself after 20 years of war and project are being prepared, the major question is : what option of land planning should be persued ? in others words, should one encourage an agricultural stronghold on the region or take advantage of the already started diversification of activities, enforce it, adopting the necessary measures to restructure these activities ?
Abstract FR:
Espace agricole longtemps marginalise, la region de nabatiye, comme tout le libansud, figure comme un cas particulier de transformation de l'espace. Elle se deruralise sans acquerir des traits et des activites resolument urbanisants. Les traces d'un heritage rural se conjuguent avec les bouleversements d'une urbanisation acceleree, pour donner a la region sa dynamique propre. L'agriculture devient partout une activite secondaire remplacee par des commerces et par une multitude de metiers lies au batiment et a l'automobile. Modele a l'origine aux besoins de l'activite agricole, l'espace villageois tend, tant bien que mal, a s'adapter aux modes de vie et de production. Les hommes agissent et reagissent, adoptant differentes attitudes. Les uns parlent du declin, voire de la disparition d'une activite agricole qui se meurt, d'aucuns souhaitent ou demandent la renaissance des campagnes, alors que nombreux sont ceux qui tentent, par le commerce et l'artisanat, de se frayer une voie de sortie du "systeme" agricole. A l'heure ou le pays se rebatit apres 20 ans de guerre et ou les projets se preparent, la question principale qu'on se pose est : quelle option d'amenagement faut-il adopter pour cette region ? autrement dit, faut-il favoriser un "ancrage" agricole dans la region, ou bien profiter de la diversification des activites deja entamee pour la canaliser et adopter les mesures qui vont dans le sens d'une restructuration de ces activites ?