Relations ville-campagne dans le sud-ouest de Madagascar : exemple de Tuléar
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Bordeaux 3Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
Tulear, a city on the south-western coast of madagascar, is the focal point of a vast region (161405km2) scarcely inhabited, with a semi-arid climate, having for a long time been devoted to extensive stock-breeding (oxen). The region has often been left aside by the central government and experiments, since the beginning of the eighties an unprecedented crisis, due to the conjunction of numerous factory among which stand out the worsening of elements of unsecurity and of drought, all having heavily weakened the production systems. For many people, emigrating to tulear is doing the less unfavourable thing that canbe done. Communities of migrante constituted in tulear show a strong inner cohesion and a great social and geographical mobility. They often succeeded their integration in the urban activities while modifying very little their habits and behaviours very often, one rather gets the impression that the town itself has been changed through the influence of these temporary new-comers who still behave a true rural people and carry on, though they live in town, their rural activities.
Abstract FR:
La ville de tulear, sur le littoral sud-ouest de madagascar polarise une vaste region (161405km2), peu peuplee, au climat semi-aride, qui a longtemps eu comme activite principale l'elevage extensif des boeufs. Souvent delaissee par le pouvoir central, la region subit, depuis le debut des annees quatre vingt, une crise sans precedent due a la conjonction de multiples facteurs parmi lesquels predomine l'aggravation de l'insecurite et de la secheresse qui a severement fragilise les systemes de production. Pour beaucoup, la migration vers tulear constitue la moins mauvaise solution. Les communautes de migrants a tulear manifestent une forte cohesion interne et une grande mobilite sociale et geographique. Elles ont souvent reussi a s'integrer dans les activites urbaines en modifiant tres peu leurs habitudes et leurs comportement. C'est souvent la ville qui donne l'impression d'avoir le plus change sous l'influence de ces habitants temporaires qui sont restes de veritables ruraux et qui continuent, en ville, a pratiquer des activites rurales.