Aspect et devenir de l'habitat precaire a bombay : de la degradation des quartiers centraux a la croissance des quartiers d'habitat spontane
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Abstract EN:
The concentration of the indian population in a few urban areas has, as a main consequence, a very fast growth of temporary sheltering zones in bombay. Nearly half of the population of bombay can be found in those places which have appeared outside the official building networks. A study carried out on 663 households allows to know better those people, who are often considered as marginals, although they contribute to the economic development of the city. Spontaneous sheltering isn't the only problem facing the public authorities who must also deal with the decaying of existing housing stock and notably the collapsing old building in inner city areas. Those two forms of accomodation, although they are different, both offer precarious living conditions to their tenants, due to the insufficient basic services, the polluted environment and degraded or makeshift dwellings. Fought against or forgottrn for several decades, precarious dwellings areas in bombay have been since the end of the nineteen eighties parts of various development programs which aim at providing acceptable living conditions to all those bombayites.
Abstract FR:
La concentration de la population indienne dans quelques poles urbains a eu pour principale consequence, la croissance tres rapide des quartiers d'habitat spontane. A bombay, pres de la moitie de la population se repartit dans ces lieux mis en place en dehors des circuits officiels de construction. Une etude realisee aupres de 663 menages permet de mieux connaitre ces personnes souvent considerees comme marginales alors qu'elles contribuent au developpement economique de la ville. L'habitat spontane n'est pas le seul probleme auquel sont confrontes les pouvoirs publics qui doivent egalement faire place a la degradation du parc immobilier existant et notamment a l'effondrement des vieux immeubles des quartiers centraux. Ces deux formes d'habitat, bien que differentes l'une de l'autre, offrent des conditions de vie precaires a leurs occupants en raison de l'insuffisance des services de base, de l'environnement pollue et de logements degrades ou de fortune. Combattus ou delaisses pendant plusieurs decennies, les quartiers d'habitat precaire de bombay font l'objet, depuis la fin des annees 1980, de divers programmes d'amenagement destines a offrir des conditions de vie acceptables a tous ces bombayites.