Abstract EN:

Remote sensing is a privilegied tool of the earth observation with the image's coverage, repetitivity of datas acquisition, the pixel's spectral and spatial resolution. We present in a first time an abstract of the most important radiometric and geometric operations with originals datas. After that, we developpe an example of comparison between may 1975 (mss datas) and july 1988 (tm datas) on the franche-comte area. Two ways are selected. The first one consists of a global observation of the evolution with the help of hierarchical step of spatial agregation. The second one concerns local landscpte modification and we propose a new method fonded on spatial resampling of datas and multiple factorial correspondances analysis. In a third part, we propose an other approach of remote sensing with an ecological problem about the area of "grand tetras" (tetrao urogallus). We developpe a texture filter to recognise the areas on a spot panchromatic image. The analyse needs more information and we use at the end a gis to combine datas about vegetable's physionomy and composition (spot p and xs), topographic model and a representation of human's pressure with an empiric model of noise diffusion.