L'education dans l'islam. Evolution de la conception de l'education de l'origine jusqu'a l'epoque d'ibn khadun ( ier viie - viiie xive siecles )
Institution:
Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008)Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
It is because of its concern to educate people and to improve their conditions that the islamic religion has focused on the educational values which it considers as the foundation of an ideal society. Indeed, in its history and the future plans iof islam, the education takes on a particular importance. We have tried through this essay to describe, to analyse and to inderstand the genisis to the conception of education in islam which only took form gradually. We sought its theoretical fondation in the koran and in the prophet's tradition, and related major steps of its evolution within arabic-moslem civilisation. Islam's evolution is mainly characterized by three paeriods : the first period knew a fermentation of the conception of education (ile-iie viie-viiie) followed by and outstanding expansion period (iiie-vie ixe-xiie) and the third one was a stagnation period (viie-viiie xiiie-xive). The periods gave birth to some very well-known moslem teachers like ibn sahnun, al-qabisi, junayd, miskawayh, al-ghazzali, ibn khaldun, who were concerned about education and teaching. Moreover, the education had been strengthned by the establishment of several schools : its objectives had been made more specific, its method was improved on and its programme was reorganized. Actually, each school specialized in different fields and had its own philosophy, its means and its aims. There were four leading schools : jurisconslt's school, mystical school, philosopher's school and ash'arite school.
Abstract FR:
C'est dans le souci d'eduquer les hommes et d'ameliorer leur condition que la religion islamique a mis l'accent sur les valeurs educatives qu'elle considere comme le fondement d'une societe ideale. En effet, l'education revet, dans le passe historique et, le futur projete de l'islm, une importance capitale. Nous avons tente a travers cette etude, de decrire, d'analyser et de comprendre la genese de la conception de l'education en islam qui ne prit forme que graduellement. Nous avons recherche son fondement theorique dans le coran et la tradition du prophete et retrace les etapes majeures de son evolution au sein de la civilisation arabo-musulmande. Trois periodes essentielles de cette evolution sont a retenir : une rpemiere periode de fermentation de la conception de l'education (1er-iie viie-ville s. ), suivie d'une periode d'essor remarqauble (iiie-vie ixe-xiie s. ) : enfin une troisieme periode de stagnation (viie-viiie xive s. ). Durant ces trois periodes. On assiste a la naissance de quelquens-uns des plus grands noms de la pedagogie en islam, qui ont reflechi aux questions de l'education et de l'enseignement. Il s'agit, en effet, d'ibn sahnun, d'ai qabist, de junayd, de miskawayh, d'al-ghazzali et d'ibn khaldun. On assiste aussi a l'apparition des ecoles educatives qui ont permis a l'education de se renforcer. Celle-ci devait enrichir ses finalites, ameliorer sa methode, reorganiser son programme. En effet, chaque ecole a exerce son activite dans des domaines varies, dont chacune se distingue par sa philosophie propre, ses moyens et son but. Quatre ecoles educatives peuvent ainsi etre definies : celles des jurisconsultes et traditionnistes, l'ecole mystique, celle des philosophes et enfin l'ecole ash'arite.