L'abandon scolaire au Brésil : enquête sur les représentations sociales des parents face à l'école
Institution:
Paris 5Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
Brazilian public (government sponsored) schools have greatly increased in the last 10 years. Unfortunately that has not decreased the drop-out rate (mainly 50%) that occurs mainly during the first year of formal education. Most of these children are going to be analphabet. We have tried to see which were the reasons of this situation. The population of joan pessoa, paraiba (north brazil) capital city, was taken because of particulary profile. What school and education represent for parents as a value ? and what way this could affect school drop-out ? trying to answer these questions we have followed our study, that consisted in a non directive interview with each of the parents. To our knowledge this has not been done before. Some interesting facts come out. Drop-out seems to be related to : - families' financial problems (children leave school to contribute directly or non directly to the financial income of their families), - very negative image representations of public schools (in contrast with the positive representations of education as a value and a way for social improvement). Following the analysis of the causes of drop-out, we indicate which steps could lead to an improvement of this situation. Any way the problem seems to be difficult to resolve due in someway to its relation with the present structure of brazilian society.
Abstract FR:
Au bresil le developpement de l'enseignement public a favorise l'acces a l'ecole mais de tres nombreux eleves abandonnent des la premiere annee et, tres probablement, deviendront analphabetes. Notre recherche a eu pour objet d'analyser les causes de l'abandon chez les enfants habitant une region particulierement touchee par le probleme, la peripherie de joan pessoa, capitale de l'etat de paraiba, nord-est du bresil. Nous avons decide d'etudier les representations sociales de l'ecole par les parents d'eleves, un angle d'analyse, a notre connaissance, original pour le sujet. Cette methode nous a permis de decouvrir les motifs principaux d'abandon. Nos entretiens non-directifs avec les parents ont montre que l'abandon devait etre compris dans un contexte englobant non seulement l'ecole mais egalement les conditions de vie des familles. Les grandes causes d'abandon resultant de l'analyse des entretiens sont : - les problemes financiers des familles (les enfants quittent l'ecole pour contribuer directement ou indirectement aux revenus familiaux), - l'image tres negative de l'ecole de quartier (qui s'oppose a la representation tres favorable de l'instruction, facteur de promotion sociale). A l'issue de notre analyse des origines de l'abandon scolaire nous suggerons quelques amorces de solution sachant bien que le probleme sera des plus difficiles a resoudre puisqu'il met en cause l'organisation actuelle de la societe bresilienne.