Ethnicite et etat au gabon : un probleme geographique face a l'unite nationale
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Abstract EN:
Membership of an ethnic group is a geographical matter of the utmost importance as far as the study of african societies is concerned. It would be appropriate that african geographers are persuaded of the necessity of undertaking research into the origin of social cleavages. Do these divisions have their origins in geographical disparities rather than in ethnic differences ? employment, unemployment, inequalities in health and education, and ethnic divisions are effectively issues of great importance in geographical studies. Consequently the observation of all these socio-spatial variables enables a better understanding of these problems. However it is not sufficient to consider one element individually ; a multifaceted analysis is essential in order to define all these processes. This is the subject, using gabon as an example of this study.
Abstract FR:
L'appartenance a un groupe ethnique constitue un fait geographique de la plus grande importance quand on etudie les societes africaines. Il serait opportun que les geographes africains se persuadent de la necessite d'entreprendre des recherches sur l'origine des clivages sociaux. Ces clivages procedent-ils d'une geographie des inegalites plutot que des differences ethniques ? l'emploi, le chomage, les inegalites devant la sante ou l'education, les divisions ethniques sont effectivement des themes privilegies de la geographie. Des lors, l'observation de toutes ces variables socio-spatiales permet une meilleure comprehension de ces problemes. Mais aucun marqueur n'est suffisant pris isolement, une analyse multivariee est indispensable pour cerner tous ces processus. C'est la, l'objet a travers l'exemple du gabon, de cette etude.