Le metier d'etudiant. Approches ethnomethodologique et institutionnelle de l'entree dans la vie universitaire
Institution:
Paris 8Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
The student's first entrance at university is examined through ethnographic methods. In order to achieve the passage towards their new social status as students. The students have to use practices of affiliation. After reminding and defining the espistemological positions of contemporary sociology, several theoretical approaches are presented, particularly interactionist and ethnomethodological approaches in the field of education, which allow an analysis of social events as ongoing and practical achievements. In order to succeed, students have to learn their profession as student, that is to learn how to become a student. A process of affiliation is necessary, which consists of finding out and appropriating the routines hidden in the practices of higher education. This acquisition process is subject to the actors' ability to manipulate the practicality of the rules, whether institutional or intellectual rules, and to transform them into practical actions. Affiliating oneself, which is a condition to be a competent student, consists of naturalizing the university practices and ethnomethods in embodying them.
Abstract FR:
L entree des nouveaux etudiants a l universite est examinee, a l aide de methodes ethnographiques, sous l angle des pratiques d affiliation qui doivent etre mises en oeuvre afin que le passage vers le nouveau statut social d etudiant soit reussi. Le terrain d enquete est l universite de paris viii. Apres avoir rappele et defini les positions epistemologiques qui traversent la sociologie contemporaine, differentes approches theoriques sont exposees, en particulier les approches interactionnistes et ethnomethodologiques dans le champ de l education, qui permettent d analyser les evenements sociaux en tant qu accomplissements continus et pratiques. Pour reussir, il faut d abord apprendre son metier d etudiant, c est-a-dire apprendre a le devenir. Cela necessite un processus d affiliation, qui consiste a decouvrir et a s approprier les allant de soi et les routines dissimulees dans les pratiques de l enseignement superieur. Ce processus d acquisition renvoie a la capacite de manipuler la praticalite des regles, institutionnelles aussi bien qu intellectuelles, et de les transformer en actions pratiques. S affilier, qui est une condition pour etre un etudiant competent, consiste donc a naturaliser en les incorporant les pratiques et les ethnomethodes universitaires.