Le role de l'exploitation miniere dans les transformations du plateau ourdigha (province de khouribga, maroc)
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Abstract EN:
The present stady constitute a panorama of the transformations concerning the plateau of ourdigha which has undergone as a result of the emergence and the developement of mining activities. As a matter of fact, the ourdigha plateau was until 1921 a greasing grand to the semi wandering tribes. Yet the finding out of phosphate, the founding of the cherifien office of phosphate (o. C. P) in addition to this the sitting up of the infrastructure required for the extraction, processing and drawing off the extracted, have changed the plateau to a big mining district which play a very important role on a national scale. The o. C. P has this contributed to a large extent, directly or indirectly, to the reconversion of the economical, social and spatial structure of this plateau which is halt arid; hence its quide developement on different levels. Five towns give the structure to the ourdigha rural area : a big city (khouribga), another town not as big as the first (oued-zem) and the other three small towns (boujniba, boulanouar and hattane). However, the desengagement of the o. C. P as an employment, equipement of the area and the strength of its land expropriation enhance the socio-spatial destructuration of the ourdigha plateau. This leads to assume that the future of this aera is quite because its phosphate riches are being dried up, its tillable soil is degrading and its economical developement hasn't yet been put into motion.
Abstract FR:
La presente etude constitue un panorama des transformations qu'a connues le plateau ourdigha par suite de l'emergence et du developpement de l'activite miniere. Ce plateau etait jusqu'en 1921 le domaine de pasteurs semi-nomades par excellence; neanmoins, la decouverte du phosphate et la creation de l'office cherifien des phosphates (o. C. P. ) l'ont transforme en une grande region miniere ayant un role considerable dans l'economie marocaine. A l'echelle du plateau ourdigha l'o. C. P. A largement contribue, de par ses impacts directs et induits, a la reconversion des structures economique, sociale et spatiale de cet espace semi-aride. Il en a resulte son urbanisation rapide a differents niveaux. Cinq villes structurent et ou destructurent actuellement l 'espace rural ourdigha : une grande ville (khouribga), une ville moyenne (oued-zem) et trois petites villes minieres (boujniba, boulanouar et hattane). Par ailleurs, la competition et la crise phosphatieres internationales ont oblige l'o. C. P. De recourir a la mecanisation de la production. Cette mecanisation a pour consequences la reduction des emplois et la degradation des terres arables d'ou la destructuration socio-spatiale du plateau ourdigha pour ainsi dire que son avenir est incertain, car ses richesses phosphatieres s'epuisent, ses terres arables detruites ne sont pas "remises en etat" et son eco-developpement n'est pas encore amorce.