Approvisionnement alimentaire et ordre social en Égypte dans les années 80 : l'État, le peuple des villes et la gestion du quotidien
Institution:
Paris, EHESSDisciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
This thesis aims at analyzing the survival strategies of the poor in cairo, and the political risk associated with the hardships of daily life and with the retreat of the welfarestate, through an analysis of access to food, which represents the major part of an egyptian household budget. The research is based notably on an anthropological survey carried out in the popular neighborhood of mansheyet nasser in cairo, in the 80's. In egypt the state presents itself to it citizen as a "feeder-state", notably through heavy subsidies to basic food items, and in particular to bread. Being poor is costly in cairo: the poor often pay more for the basic goods and services; have lesser access to those resources subsidized by the govenment; and are marginalized vis-a-vis the parallel but essential networks of non-monetary exchanges and black market. Their survival strategies heavily rely on the households social networks, which extend from the village to the neighborhood mosque. The self-representations that the poor develop also constitute a major help. Faced with popular discontent, the egyptian state answers through the media and press, which have become the place of a dialogue with the citizen that has an important political function. But foremost, the state, through a heavy subsidy to bread, with represents 40% of the daily caloric intake, succeeds in presenting itself as warrant of the food security, i. E. Of the material security, of its eitizen. But because food subsidies are the only left piece of nasserian heritage.
Abstract FR:
Cette these se propose d'etudier les strategies de survie des populations pauvres du caire, et le risque politique aux difficultes du quotidien et au retrait de l'etatprotecteur, a travers l'analyse de l'acces aux biens alimentaires, qui representent le principal poste de depenses des familles. La recherche est basee notamment sur une enquete anthropologique, menee dans le quartier populaire de mansheyet nasser, au caire, au cours des annees 80. En egypte l'etat egyptien se presente a son peuple comme un "etat-nourricier", a travers notamment de lourdes subventions aux produits alimentaires de base, en particulier du pain. Il coute cher d'etre pauvre au caire : les pauvres payent souvent plus cher leurs biens et services de base; ont un acces plus difficile aux biens subventionnees, et sont marginalises par rapport aux circuits paralleles mais essentiels des echanges non marchands et du marche noir. Leurs strategies de survie reposent en grande partie sur les reseaux sociaux du menage, qui s'etendent du village jusqu'a la mosquee de quartier. Les representations de soi que les pauvres developpent representent egalement une aide importante. L'etat, confronte a un mecontentement populaire qui s'exprime autour des problemes du quotidien, y repond habilement a travers la presse et les medias, qui deviennent le lieu d'un dialogue avec les citoyens. Surtout, l'etat, par la lourde subvention au pain, qui represente 40% des apports caloriques journalieres moyens, parvient a se presenter comme garant de la securite alimentaire, donc materielle, des citadins.