Abstract EN:

The purpose of this thesis is to detect the role played by the financial systems in the economic development. Just after the independencies, the whole French-speaking countries of Black Africa were concerned by the mobilization of the resources which had to allow them to finance the economic activities. The creation or the transformation of a certain number of financial institutions were previoused for this way. More than thirty years after, the social and economic situation (stagnant growth, decrease of the tax revenues, political disorder and the virtually bankruptcy of banking sectors) suppose a profund failure of the strategies which were set up. The reform of the financial circulations seems to be one of the substancial features of the depression which affects the countries of the B. E. A. C. Zone, as well as the process of transformation of the economic scene which has been settled by these countries. The process aims at increasing the domestic resources and above all at improving the efficiency of investments. In this context, we have considered important to adopt a global vision which go beyond the scope of the financial system. This vision consists in analysing the environment in which the financial middlemen interfere. Indeed, the financial reforms must be included in a global process. We principally contributed to prove that the absence of industrialization of these countries was not necessarily linked to a lack of funds, as we usually think, but more to a inadequate management, based upon the principle of « the government by the privileged people », that we can find within economic sectors and administrations. So, we have drawn up some measures, without claiming that we found the miracle solution that would get these countries out of depression.