Technologies, externalites et nouveau rapport du capital a l'espace regional
Institution:
Lyon 2Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
We cannot answer the questions about "regional and local development", innovating small and medium sized firms", "technopoles", without taking into account the connexions of these phenomena with the deep current transformation concerning productive forces as well as the movement of capital. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the elaboration of methods and concepts allowing us to identify and to apprehend such connexions, by choosing, after having examined the available theoritical implements, to retain the notion of "externalities" as the most efficient complementary mediation. As the liberal acceptations of this notion prove to be too restrictive, keys to understanding are to be found in marxist thinking to get to the proposal of an analysis scheme. By applying this scheme to the study of the changes in technologies, production processes, domineering concerns strategies, and of their territorial implications, we can set out the appearance of a new relation between capital and regional space. It also proves effective to precise the real modes of "private" and "social" interventions on regional and local milieus, their impact as well as their contradictions. Thus it appears that the decentralization process that started in the eighties must be seen as part of the attempt to elaborate a new regulation of the capitalist system and is therefore one of the major stakes of our time.
Abstract FR:
On ne peut repondre aux questions concernant le "developpement regional et local", les "pme innovatrices", les "technopoles", sans prendre en compte les relations de ces phenomenes avec les transformations profondes touchant actuellement aux forces productives et au mouvement du capital. L'objectif de cette these est de contribuer a l'elaboration de methodes et de concepts permettant le reperage et l'apprehension de telles relations en choisissant, apres un examen des outils theoriques disponibles, de retenir la notion d'"externalites" comme mediation complementaire la plus efficace. Les acceptions liberales de cette notion se revelant trop restrictives, c'est dans la pensee marxiste qu'en sont recherchees des cles de lecture pour aboutir a la proposition d'une "grille d'analyse". Appliquee a l'etude de l'evolution en cours des technologies, des processus de production, des strategies des firmes dominantes, et de leurs implications territoriales, cette "grille" permet de mettre en lumiere l'etablissement d'un nouveau rapport du capital a l'espace regional. Elle s'avere egalement operante pour preciser les modalites concretes des interventions "privees" et "sociales" sur les tissus regionaux et locaux, leur portee comme leurs contradictions. Il apparait ainsi que le mouvement de decentralisation amorce dans les annees 80 doit se comprendre comme participant a la tentative d'elaboration d'une nouvelle regulation du systeme capitaliste et constitue par la un des enjeux majeurs de notre temps.