Une intepretation dialectique du processus de developpement en coree du sud etat, accumulation et societe
Institution:
Université Pierre Mendès France (Grenoble)Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
The thesis deals development process in south korea from 1945 to the mid1990s. The results of application of dialectic vision of history are to distinguish between five periods. Each period is caracterized by an accumulation system to allow a stable growth before a crisis according to the accumulation of contradictions while the system is running. And all of them make up a historic process of construction of national productive system : fund raising economy (1945-1959), simple version of economy basesd on loans and exportations (1960s), developed version of economy based on loans and exportations (1970s), double market economy (1980s) et korean fordism (1990s). The analysis present two articulations: on the one hand, between the economic and socio-politic aspects, and on the other hand, between the national and the inter, national aspects. The role of state is very important because the korean state guided this process with plans to meet internal and externnal requirements of development. If it organized the autonomous bureaucracy, the state-controlled financial system, the centralized management of foreign currency, in order to mobilize domestic and foreign surplus as much as possible for productive investments, il had also an exceptionnal high degree of relative autonomy not only vis-a-vis the civil society (ideological control for "dictatorship for the development") but also vis-a-vis the national capital (formation of chaebols and its control) and the foreign capital (coherent system of relative prices, foreign investements and technology control). Regarding to international environment, the cold war was favourable to korean development (massive aids, openness of american market, easy access to mortgages and to investment goods, international tolerance for dictatorship and protectionist mea, sures). On the contrary, the end of cold war change completey the situation which leads to present crisis.
Abstract FR:
La these interprete le processus de developpement en coree du sud de la periode de la liberation (1945) jusqu'au milieu des annees 1990. Cinq periodes sont identifiees dont chacune connait un regime d'accumulation permettant une croissance stable, et qui finit par tomber en crise a cause des contradictions accumulees au cours de son fonction, nement. Ces periodes s'inscrivent dans leur ensemble sur un processus historique de construction d'un systeme productif national : economie d'aide (1945-1959), economie d'emprunt et d'exportation simple (annees 1960), economie d'emprunt et d'exportation developpee (annees 1970), economie a deux marches (annees 1980) et fordisme coreen (annees 1990). L'analyse respecte une double articulation entre l'economique et le sociopolitique et entre le national et l'international. Le role de l'etat s'impose ainsi, car l'etat a dirige ce processus avec des plans repondant aux exigences du developpement aussi bien internes qu'externes. S'il a mis en place la bureaucratie autonome, le systeme financier etatise, le systeme de gestion centralisee des devises, afin de mobiliser le maximum de surplus national et externe dans les usages productifs, il disposait aussi d'une autonomie relative exceptionnellement elevee vis-a-vis de la societe civile (controle ideologique necessaire a la dictature pour le developpement) et aussi vis-a-vis du capital national (formation des chaebols et son controle) et transnational (systeme des prix relatifs coherents, controle sur l'entree des investissements et technologies etrangers). Quant au contexte international, la guerre froide etait favorable au developpement (aides massives, ouverture du marche americain, acces facilite aux credits et aux biens d'equipement, tolerance internationale a l'egard de la dictature et des mesures protection, nistes), tandis que la fin de la guerre froide bouleverse la situation qui conduit a la crise actuelle.