Abstract EN:

The dominating economic approach of the inter-relations between the economic and the military often proves itself unsatisfactory. Two assumptions the market harmony and the separation of the economic from the politic don't allow the liberal theory to study the somewhat ambiguous role of the association between power and wealth in the economic dynamics. Howewer, the history of western economies, when seen through the dialectic innovation conflict, emphasizes the influence of both wars and of the evolution of modern armies in the settlement of new development systems. This clearly appears in the process of western world-economy constitution and in the birth of modern industrial technologies as well as labor management. Nowadays, the sources of technological fertilization and industrial competitiveness supported by armaments policy in the past - specially usa in 50's and 60's - run dry. The current techno-military paradigm tend to enforce technological and scientific choices which seen further and further away from civilian needs. A comparative approach of militay activities among several national economies (usa, ussr, france, ldc) demonstrate that the dominating techno-military paradigm leads to the repeating of the same industrial deseases which are dramatically increasing in originally weak economies. En postulant l'harmonie sociale par le marche et la separation entre l'economique et le politique, l'economie liberale rencontre quelques difficultes pour apprehender le role ambigu du couple richesse et puissance dans la dynamique economique. Une relecture de l'histoire longue des economies occidentales, envisagee sous la problematique de la dialectique innovation conflit, met pourtant clairement en evidence l'influence parfois determinante des guerres et de l'evolution des armees modernes dans la constitution de nouveaux systemes de developpement. Ce phenomene est particulierement evident dans le processus de constitution de l'economie-monde occidentale comme dans la genetique des technologies industrielles moderne et des modes d'organisation du travail. A l'epoque contemporaine, les sources de fertilisation technologique et de competitivite industrielle issues naguere