Abstract EN:

The thesis is composed of fours chapters. The first chapter presents a general outline of the evolution of the international monetary and financial system at the beginning of the post-war period, during the 1950s-1970s. It shows how an international dynamic of endebtness wass created, firstly from the international organisations of credit and secondly from the banks of developped capitalist countries. The second chapter examines the high exterior endebtness of the under-developped countries during the 1970s, presenting the role played by the different economic agents that participated : creditors and debtors. The way the multinational private banks acted is particularly analysed. At the end of that period that is at the beginning of the 1980s (more precisely on august 1982), the process of endebted ness of the third world exploses brutally. The analysis of this phenomenon constitutes the subject of the third chapter. The fourth chapter presents the way that the post-crisis of the debt was managed, particularly by the creditors (governments, private banks and international organisations of credit) according to new banking and financial strategies at the international level. The conclusions obtained are not very optimists concerning a return to an equilibrated and maintained growth of the latin-american economies.