Crédit et dynamique productive : une perspective historique et analytique
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Abstract EN:
The purpose of the dissertation consists in studying the real influence exerted by credit on the level as well as on the structure of economic activity. The analytical framework which has been privileed corresponds to a multiple good economy. It implies the treatment of the evolution of national production, of the diffusion of technological change as well as of the structure of relative prices over time. The first part of the work is greatly related to the history of economic thought. It covers the literature of interwar period authors who have focused on the articulation between credit and production and tried to provide an analytical formulation of this relation. The main authors that have been considered are hayek, keynes, schumpeter and robertson. They correspond to different extensions of the original intuition of knut wicksell. The comparative perspective that has been privileged in this part then permits a better understanding of the weaknesses as well as the potentialities of all these research works. The second part of the dissertation is concerned with the approach developed by michio morishima in his book entitled capital and credit. This approach deserves special attention for at least two reasons. On one hand, it permits to reconsider, on the basis of a consistent and unified analytical framework, the interwar period contributions that have been presented in the first part of the work. On the other hand, it provides a comprehensive research agenda allowing the treatment of macro, "intermediary" and microeconomic levels of economic activity. The dissertation ends up with an attempt to reformulate morishima's approach in order to provide an analysis of disequilibria related to the existence of credit within a multi-sector production economy.
Abstract FR:
L'object de la these est d'etudier l'effet reel exerce par le credit sur le niveau et la composition de l'activite economique. Le cadre analytique envisage est celui d'une economie a plusieurs biens. Il implique le traitement de l'evolution dans le temps de la distribution de la production nationale, de la maniere dont se repartit le progres technique entre les differentes branches de l'activite et de la structure des prix relatifs. La premiere partie de l'ouvrage releve de l'histoire de la pensee economique. Elle s'interesse aux contributions des auteurs de l'entre-deux-guerres qui ont envisage la relation entre le credit et la dynamique productive et tente d'en donner une representation analytique. Les auteurs consideres sont, pour l'essentiel, hayek, keynes, schumpeter et robertson. Ils correspondent a des interpretations differentes de l'apport initial de knut wicksell et l'optique comparative qui est ici retenue permet de mieux souligner les faiblesses mais aussi les points forts de l'ensemble de ces recherches. La deuxieme partie de la these privilegie le cadre analytique construit par michio morishima, en particulier dans son livre intitule capital and credit. Cette approche presente au moins deux merites. Elle permet tout d'abord de mettre en perspective, au sein d'une contribution unifiee, les apports des auteurs envisages dans la premiere partie de la these. Elle offre aussi un cadre tres general de travail permettant de traiter des niveaux macroeconomique, "intermediaire" et microeconomique de l'activite productive. La these se termine par une tentative de reformulation de l'approche de morishima en vue de proposer une analyse des desequilibres lies a l'existence du credit dans une economie multisectorielle de production.