Demissions episcopales dans le droit concordataire de 1801 le cas de monseigneur de boulogne archeveque-eveque de troyes de 1808 a 1825
Institution:
Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008)Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
When the 1801 concordat was set up, napoleon-bonaparte asked pie vii pope for the resignation of all bishops of france. A little later, july 1811, he imprisoned some prelates who were opposed to the government. Mgr de boulogne, bishop of troyes form 1808, mgr hirn, bishop of tournai and mgr de broglie, bishop of gand re some of them. They resigned under pressure. The pope has been also imprisoned. This provided problems to episcopate to keep links with the bishop of rome. These systematic resignations semmed to be an efficient mean for setting up a concordat regime. Religious peace has be restablished, indeed, but by considering religion as a public service. For that, government acts just like in the past by choosing and eventually dismissing worship ministers. It doesd appear that napoleon-bonaparte and his concordat wanted to set up a system based on "models" of the past and to integrate modern political and religious mind. In order to be identified to nation that he represents, napoleon imposed himself to church, just like kings and imperors succeeded by controling the concordat "appointment-dismissing" system and by organizing in a banal manner, a common administration of staff envolving bishops and prefects. The "18 germinal an x" law which enacts the "messidor an ix" convention and made the context of this system vague enough so that napoleon could acts as he wants. Subject contains two parts. The first one describes the historic and legal aspects. The second one considers appointments and dismissings. If we take into account how gallican and jansenist current flow, if we observe how spirituals consider politics and if we examine conciliary and canonic texts, we better understant then the spirit of 1801 concordat and so napoleon's attitude, because napoleon whished to submit to his cause the whole episcopte. He used for that dismissings. They were the basic elements of a system tha he set up to lead his politics. Starting from mgr de boulogne's dismissing, which was a local one, and as he was the 1811 national council orator, this gives us the opportunity to verify the inhibited episcopal see hypothesis.
Abstract FR:
Lors de la mise en place du concordat de 1801. Napoleon-bonaparte demande au pape pie vii la demission de tous les evoques de france. Un peu plus tard, en juillet 1811, il fera emprisonner certains prelats qui s'opposent au regime comme mgr de boulogne, nomme eveque de troyes en 1808, qui donnera sa demission sous la contrainte. Le pape lui-meme sera emprisonne, ce qui posera bien des problemes a l'episcopat pour rester en lien avec l'eveque de rome. Ces demissions systematiques semblent un moyen efficace pour instaurer le regime concordataire qui retablit, certes, la paix religieuse, mais qui considere la religion comme un service public, l'etat intervenant comme autrefois dans le choix des ministres du culte et, le cas echeant dans leur revocation. Il apparait en effet qu'en voulant le concordat, napoleon-bonaparte souhaite instaurer un systeme inspire des "modeles" du passe et integrant la pensee politique et religieuse moderne. Desirant s'identifier a la nation qu'il represente, , napoleon s'impose face a l'eglise, comme les rois et les empereurs qui l'ont precede et qui ont voulu maintenir, en vertu de leur mission de droit divin, leurs prerogatives sur le temporel et le spirituel. Il y parvient en controlant le dispositif concordataire "nomination-demission" et en le banalisant dans une gestion commune du personnel, englobant eveques et prefets. La loi du 18 germinal an x, promulguant la convention de messidor an ix, ainsi que les articles organiques, precise le cadre de ce dispositif en termes suffisamment vagues pour permettre a napoleon d'agir a sa guise. Le sujet est dispose en deux parties. La premiere traite des aspects historiques et juridiques. La seconde, de la problematique des nominations et des demissions. En prenant la mesure des courants gallicans et jansenistes, en observant comment les spirituels pensent le politique et en scrutant les textes conciliaires et canoniques, on comprendra mieux l'esprit qui anime le concordat de 1801 et en definitive l'attitude de napoleon qui souhaite soumettre a sa cause le corps episcopal tout entier. Les demissions seront l'un des elements d'un systeme qu'il instaure pour conduire sa politique. A partir d'une demission locale, celle de mgr de boulogne. Il nous sera possible de verifier