thesis

Causalité, loi, représentation

Defense date:

Jan. 1, 1995

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Institution:

Paris, EHESS

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Abstract EN:

We propose a realist reconstruction of the concept of causality. Two concepts of causality are postulated. On one hand, the fundamental causal relation is a relation of transfer of an amount of a conserved quantity, taking place between two events. On the other hand, the fact that a is f is said to be "causally responsible" for the fact that b is g if and only if the event a has the property f, the event b has the property g, a is the cause of b and a law of nature links the properties f and g. We use these conceptual tools in order to respond to two questions which are central to the philosophy of mind. Can mental properties - e. G. Beliefs - pretend to be causally efficacious firstly in spite of their relational character (they are attitudes toward a content) and secondly although the underlying properties of the brain seem to condemn them to the status of epiphenomena ? the second question we tackle is whether it is possible to explain the fact that representations have a well determined content, on the basis of the causal relations between the representational system and its environment.

Abstract FR:

Nous proposons une reconstruction realiste du concept de causalite. Deux concepts de causalite sont degages. La relation causale fondamentale est une relation de transfert d'une quantite de grandeur conservee qui a lieu entre deux evenements. En revanche, le fait que a est f est dit "causalement responsable" du fait que b est g si et seulement si l'evenement a possede la propriete f,b possede la propriete g, a est cause de b et une loi de la nature relie les proprietes f et g. Nous utilisons ces outils conceptuels pour repondre a deux questions centrales de la philosophie de l'esprit. Les proprietes mentales - par example, les croyances - peuvent-elles pretendre a l'efficacite causale bien qu'elles aient premierement un caractere relationnel (ce sont des attitudes envers un contenu) et bien que deuxiement les proprietes cerebrales sous-jacentes semblent les vouer au statut d'epiphenomenes ? la deuxieme question abordee est de savoir s'il est possible d'expliquer le fait que les representations ont un contenu bien specifique, sur la base des relations causales entre le systeme representationnel et son environnement.