Abstract EN:

This work aims to present dilthey not as the theorician of the methodology of the "geisteswissenschaften", that must be differentated from that of the "naturwissenchaften" (the famous opposition verstehen-erklaren), but as a philosopher. This methodological problematic has to be philosophically founded. The delimitation of the "geiteswissenschaften" needs to be examined as a re-evaluation of the question about the subject, the experience, the knowledge and the reason, in short a reappraisal of the philosophy of the consciousness. The differences between the naturwissenschaften" and the "naturwissenschaften" can be defined neither logically nor epistomologically, but in terms of donation of world to consciousness and of consciousness to world. The philosophical theory has to be unterstood in the framework of the critique of historical reason. This critique doesn't represent the counterpart to that of pure reason because it makes the process of knowledge relative to historical and social conditions that leaves the central edifice kant's philosophyin ruins. In any case this critique must be conceived as a new kind of philosophy of history * dilthey rejects the use of systematic theory as well as the use of philosophical schemes of historical develpment. Hermeneutic ( verstehen) is not at first a scientific methode that particularises the geisteswissenschaften), but the way with which we have an access to the world.