Abstract EN:

This thesis proposes a reading of Merleau-Ponty's philosophy from the perspective of his reflections on history, politics, and social matters. In this sense, we propose an approach that decenter the strictly philosophical aspect of the problem from the other minds (autrui) in order to place the political events on the forefront of the reflection on intersubjectivity. Nevertheless, rather than asserting that Merleau-Ponty considers political philosophy a sort of primary philosophy, we examine how from his meditation on interhuman history stems a complex and original relationship between the social matter of the common world and its political and institutional recovery. In this sense, the specific contribution of this thesis will verse over the centrality that we give to the revolutionary phenomenon as a key to the reading of the mentioned topics. We will argue with other readings that minimize its importance - considering for instance, that Merleau-Ponty, by taking a reformist turn, abandoned the problem of revolution – and we will prove that this problem is the core of the French philosopher's idea of intersubjectivity. The Revolution is a global category which, acknowledging the processes that establish a new world, also brings to light the adversity, the traditional soil of life and the limits of political will. In this way, revolution is intimately linked to the fundamental matters of history, namely the meaning of continuities and ruptures, as well as the very status of the event.