Les monnaies paralleles. Approches historiques et theoriques
Institution:
Lyon 2Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
Parallel monies consist of means of payment and units of account of very different sorts. They are employed beside the national currencies. Trying to make an inventory of parallel monies on a recent period (1988-96) gives evidences of their existence, not only during serious crises like hyperinflation, but also in "normal" circumstances. The evidences of the permanence of parallel monies lead to question the economic theory. But this one considers parallel monies as marginal situations; morevoer, it shows great difficulties to take it into account. Some normative monetary theories permit to understand the development of some specific sorts of parallel monies. But the traditional monetary approaches seem generally unable to explain this phenomenon. Hence, it is necessary to try to take into account the existence of monetary uses which, in normal circumstances, not only employ national currencies, but also employ parallel monies. This is the aim of this work. It lays down the conceptual basis that appear necessary to integrate the parallel monies in a general schema of monetary uses.
Abstract FR:
Les monnaies paralleles sont des moyens de paiement et des unites de compte tres divers employes aux cotes des monnaies nationales. Un essai de recension des monnaies paralleles sur une periode recente (1988-96) revele leur existence non seulement lors de crises graves telles que l'hyperinflation mais aussi dans des situations que l'on peut qualifier de normales. La permanence des monnaies paralleles conduit a interroger la theorie economique. Celle-ci ne s'y interesse que de facon tres marginale et eprouve beaucoup de difficultes a en rendre compte. Certaines theories monetaires normatives permettent de comprendre l'apparition de types specifiques de monnaies paralleles. Mais de facon generale, les approches monetaires traditionnelles semblent desarmees face a ce phenomene. Il convient des lors de tenter de rendre compte de l'existence de pratiques monetaires qui, en des temps normaux, se portent non seulement sur les monnaies nationales, mais aussi sur des monnaies paralleles. Ce travail tente d'avancer dans cette direction. Il pose les bases conceptuelles necessaires pour integrer les monnaies paralleles dans un schema general des pratiques monetaires.